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Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia is a book in which chapters are authored and the same topics discussed by North American and European experts. This approach provides a unique opportunity to view the different perspectives and points of view on this subject. Severe CAP is a common clinical problem encountered in the ICU setting. This book reviews topics concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of SCAP. The discussions on the role of alcohol in severe CAP and adjunctive therapies are important topics that further our understanding of this severe respiratory infection.
Because of the high fatality rate of untreated pneumococcal pneumonia, both the disease and its principal cause, the pneumococcus, were objects of intense scrutiny by physicians and bacteriologists during the last two decades of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth. As a result, scientists learned much of the fundamental importance to microbiology, immunology, and genetics while developing the pneumococcal vaccine.
"In print, online, or on your mobile device, Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease provides the comprehensive and actionable coverage you need to understand, diagnose, and manage the ever-changing, high-risk clinical problems caused by infectious diseases in children and adolescents. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, and increased worldwide perspectives, this authoritative medical reference offers the latest need-to-know information in an easily-accessible, high-yield format for quick answers and fast, effective intervention!"--Publisher's website.
Avery, Chickering, Cole and Dochez have been doing wonderful work in the study of pneumonia. Their monograph on the subject, No. 7, Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research, is a masterpiece. In discussing the etiologic diagnosis they observe that since it is now known that certain cases of pneumonia may be successfully treated with the serum of immune animals, provided that the organism used in preparing the serum is identical with that causing the infection, etiologic diagnosis becomes imperative. Practical and quite rapid methods have now been devised for the detection of the organism causing the disease. even for the differentiation of the specific types of pneumococci. This etiologic diagnosis is, however, not only of importance in relation to serum therapy, but has an important bearing on prognosis and is essential for acquiring knowledge concerning the epidemiology of this disease. For the determination of the etiologic agent in cases due to other organisms than pneumococcus, the same general methods are applicable as in cases due to pneumococcus. In certain cases, as those due to Friedlander's bacillus, streptococcus, or staphylococcus, the microscopic examination of the sputum gives much information and cultures of the sputum made on agar plates may show a great predominance of the organisms causing the disease. When the sputum from these cases is inoculated into a mouse these organisms outgrow the ordinary mouth saprophytes just as do pneumococci. Blood cultures from the patient, when positive give, of course, clear evidence as to the nature of the infection. In the cases due to pneumococcus it is important not only to determine that the infection is due to this bacterium, but it is also of prime importance to determine the specific type of pneumococcus causing the infection, since treatment with serum is only applicable in the cases due to type I organisms. The authors give a careful description of the various procedures employed in the isolation of pneumococci and determination of the specific types. The types of the pneumococcus are determined by the agglutination or precipitation methods, although type III can be identified morphologic and cultural differences. There is also explained the determination of types of pneumococcus in blood cultures, spinal fluids, empyema fluids and by lung puncture, and by means of specific precipitin reaction in the urine. -Medical Times, Vol.46
“Uses [pneumonia] as a vehicle for examining the evolution of therapeutics in America between the ‘Golden Age of Microbiology’ and the ‘Age of Antibiotics.’”—Isis Focusing largely on the treatment of pneumonia in first half of the century with type-specific serotherapy, clinician-historian Scott H. Podolsky provides insight into the rise and clinical evaluation of therapeutic “specifics,” the contested domains of private practice and public health, and—as the treatment of pneumonia made the transition from serotherapy to chemotherapy and antibiotics—the tempo and mode of therapeutic change itself. Type-specific serotherapy, founded on the tenets of applied immunology, justified by controlled clinical trials, and grounded in a novel public ethos, was deemed revolutionary when it emerged to replace supportive therapeutics. With the advent of the even more revolutionary sulfa drugs and antibiotics, pneumonia ceased to be a public health concern and became instead an illness treated in individual patients by individual physicians. Podolsky describes the new therapeutics and the scientists and practitioners who developed and debated them. He finds that, rather than representing a barren era in anticipation of some unknown transformation to come, the first decades of the twentieth-century shaped the use of, and reliance upon, the therapeutic specific throughout the century and beyond. This intriguing study will interest historians of medicine and science, policymakers, and clinicians alike. “Podolsky’s scholarship is awesome, and his grasp of the philosophical and sociologic context of the issues considered make this an important work.” —New England Journal of Medicine “This thoroughly documented, carefully written book is a landmark analysis . . . It should be read by everyone who is involved in research and therapeutic development.” —JAMA