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The Heirs of Plato is the first book exclusively devoted to an in-depth study of the various directions in philosophy taken by Plato's followers in the first seventy years or so following his death in 347 BC. - the period generally known as 'The Old Academy'. Speusippus, Xenocrates, and Polemon, the three successive heads of the Academy in this period, though personally devoted to the memory of Plato, were independent philosophers in their own right, and felt free to develop his heritage in individual directions. This is also true of other personalities attached to the school, such as Philippus of Opus, Heraclides of Pontus, and Crantor of Soli. After an introductory chapter on the school itself, and a summary of Plato's philosophical heritage, John Dillon devotes a chapter to each of the school heads, and another to the other chief characters, exploring both what holds them together and what sets them apart. There is a final short chapter devoted to the turn away from dogmatism to scepticism under Arcesilaus in the 270s, and some reflections on the intellectual debt of Stoicism to the thought of Polemon, in particular. Dillon's clear and accessible book fills a significant gap in our understanding of Plato's immediate philosophical influence, and will be of great value to scholars and historians of ancient philosophy.
Shows how Plato's distinction between the traditional and cosmic gods sheds new light on his relation to Greek religion.
Designed for complete beginners, Philosophy: Key Texts is an introduction to philosophy and gives a clear, readable overview of some of the major texts by Plato, Descartes, Hume, Sartre, Mill and Nietzsche.
Manly Palmer Hall was a writer, lecturer, mystic philosopher, founder of the Philosophical Research Society, an expert in tarot readings, and a Freemason. He wrote a series of occult books that became famous due to the author’s breadth of knowledge. Among his books, The Lost Keys of Freemasonry and The Secret Teachings of All Time: An Encyclopedic Exposition of Hermetic, Kabbalistic and Rosicrucian Symbolic Philosophy are best known. His books are primarily informational and contain numerous illustrations and original texts describing mystical components: Freemasonry symbols, Rosicrucians’ documents, recipes by alchemists, and Kabbalistic rules. The Lost Keys of Freemasonry The Secret Teachings of All Ages
A page-turning novel that is also an exploration of the great philosophical concepts of Western thought, Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World has fired the imagination of readers all over the world, with more than twenty million copies in print. One day fourteen-year-old Sophie Amundsen comes home from school to find in her mailbox two notes, with one question on each: "Who are you?" and "Where does the world come from?" From that irresistible beginning, Sophie becomes obsessed with questions that take her far beyond what she knows of her Norwegian village. Through those letters, she enrolls in a kind of correspondence course, covering Socrates to Sartre, with a mysterious philosopher, while receiving letters addressed to another girl. Who is Hilde? And why does her mail keep turning up? To unravel this riddle, Sophie must use the philosophy she is learning—but the truth turns out to be far more complicated than she could have imagined.
Of all Plato’s dialogues, the Parmenides is notoriously the most difficult to interpret. Scholars of all periods have disagreed about its aims and subject matter. The interpretations have ranged from reading the dialogue as an introduction to the whole of Platonic metaphysics to seeing it as a collection of sophisticated tricks, or even as an elaborate joke. This work presents an illuminating new translation of the dialogue together with an extensive introduction and running commentary, giving a unified explanation of the Parmenides and integrating it firmly within the context of Plato's metaphysics and methodology. Scolnicov shows that in the Parmenides Plato addresses the most serious challenge to his own philosophy: the monism of Parmenides and the Eleatics. In addition to providing a serious rebuttal to Parmenides, Plato here re-formulates his own theory of forms and participation, arguments that are central to the whole of Platonic thought, and provides these concepts with a rigorous logical and philosophical foundation. In Scolnicov's analysis, the Parmenides emerges as an extension of ideas from Plato's middle dialogues and as an opening to the later dialogues. Scolnicov’s analysis is crisp and lucid, offering a persuasive approach to a complicated dialogue. This translation follows the Greek closely, and the commentary affords the Greekless reader a clear understanding of how Scolnicov’s interpretation emerges from the text. This volume will provide a valuable introduction and framework for understanding a dialogue that continues to generate lively discussion today.
Jordan Peterson imagines he has a spotless mind. In fact, it's filthy. This book deconstructs his worldview and shows how dirt-encrusted it is. If you want the Truth of reality, come inside and discover the real Truth. You won't like it, but Truth is under no obligation to be what you want it to be. Peterson claims that the Truth is "Darwinian". In fact, it is eternal. It is perfect, immutable and absolute. It has never evolved. It cannot evolve. It is what it is permanently and ineradicably. All Darwinian "truths" are lies. Evolution is not predicated on the promotion of Truth. It is all about survival and reproduction, regarding which lies have proved astoundingly effective, which is why all humans, whether they admit it or not, are consummate liars. The Lie is archetypally Darwinian: ever-mutating and constantly subject to natural selection, producing the survival of the "fittest" lies, the most adaptive and useful lies – lies for living.
Why are not enough the first three AERA of our previous AERAS SYSTEMS, namely: AERA OF PHILOSOPHICAL SYSTEMS (AERA - 1) AERA OF SAPIENTOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (AERA - 2) AERA OF VIDEOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (AERA - 3) Being thus necessary a fourth thinkable and re-thinkable Creative System, the one of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM (AI), which in German Language is entitled as KÜNSTLISCHE INTELLIGENZ (KI), and both AI and KI are under the HYBRID INTELLIGENCE (of Human and Artificial alike or Biology encoded through Technology), re-encoded as HI! Therefore, all three signification, AI-KI-HI, are provable into the sameness extra enlargement of the Classic Human Brain (CHB), which is improved in seconds, in minutes and in hours by Abstract Developer / Entwickler of Human Sapiens (by using accordingly, English – Deutsch and Denglish! This impetus in development of technological systems more and more intelligent, more and more comprehensive, more and more diversified, more and more amplified, comprising here, at least for the time being, information, inspiration, intuition and initiation (Great Four IN-), widespread in areas of science, technology, industry (all three as SCITECH INDUSTRY), of art (ARSSAPIENS INDUSTRY), of Sport (SPORTSAPIENS INDUSTRY), by rethinking thus the Anthropology, the Sapientology, the Cosmology (including here the one of PERSONALI-SIERTE KOSMOLOGY), of astronomy, of geology and biology, into which all of them means ultimately, another bigger step in development of duality Human-Machine, or a duality of Human-Technology, including the branches of Human-Over-Human-Robotics, or Humanoid-Robotics all as SAPIENS INDUSTRY! The man itself, the human itself, the Sapient-o-Human development, its experiences, its visions, its outcomes, can make symbiosis with oneself, a crossing with its nature of creativity, within the nature-physis of endless philosophy, with tools out of stone, with tools out of bones, the tools out of hood, or of synthetic feature, underlining once again the TOOL - MAKER - MAN, as Homo Faber, or better says, Homo Faber Sapiens, by taking the SAPIENS LIBRARY, wherever He / She goes! But now, within the present data, out of its own virtual reality and creativity, all being improved by the man itself and the machine itself, which machine might in turn overcome the man, by confronting the man itself, by changing and challenging even the human itself, even the Human Sapient oneself in its own destiny and purposes… Could be or could become the Artificial Intelligence (AI / KI / HI) the source and resource, the roots of final ending of the Sapient as Species on the Earth? With other words and concepts, the huge planetary surface scene of Earth, modelled by Sapiens, could be subjected to radically changing and challenging! By taking into account all probabilities and possibilities of the present daily evolution and revolution of the hyper-complexity of Artificial Intelligence (AI / KI / HI), a recombination of the man itself with a machine created by the man itself, could develop a symbiosis of human-machine, which overcomes the Classic Species Sapiens (CSS), who dominated the life on Earth in the last of ca. 50.000 years, by entering within the Species Sapiens Techne (SST), into which the Sapiens still dominate the Universe of Technology, by reaching out in some area even the domination of Technology over Sapiens as TSS! In this way, within Artificial Intelligence (seen and analysed Three Times Intelligence, i.e., AI-KI-HI, through English - Deutsch - Denglish), the letters themselves, the numbers themselves and the signs themselves, are becoming the WORD itself, through which the WORD itself is improved to the level of CONCEPT itself, and the WORD-CONCEPT DUALITY in their speeding up developing, in their accelerated and amplifying structures, is giving the outcome of the BOOK itself, in its CLASSICAL BOOK (CB), in its digital book as E-BOOK, or in its VIRTUAL BOOK as V-BOOK! Only this multitude of the same BOOK in development, of the same BOOK in diversity, is showing the Genesis the Evolution and the revolution (GENEVO) of the ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (in its three times of AI - KI - HI), with its versions in German Language as KÜNSTLICHE INTELLIGENZ (KI) and HYBRID INTELLIGENCE (HI), which will be used and reused interchangeably at any reference, or inter-reference or cross-reference in our LANGUAGE OF SAPIENTO-SCIENCIA – 1! What really means ENS in our Book of PEKINENSIS SAPIENS (with one – ENS inside the concept of Pekin – ENS – is and one – ENS Sapiens? ENS is a shortage from the Species Sapiens, as essence and existence of it, being thought and rethought as - ENS, i.e., as BEING of the Species Sapiens! Within ENS will be comprised the whole of German Idealist connotation of Being as: A - SEIN = BEING in its maximal generality! B - DASEIN = BEING HERE, on this planetary system! C - MITDASEIN = COBEING HERE, together with all past geological and biological times, influencing and restructuring all basic features of the Planetary Life System! It is possible to rethink the ENS INTO ONESELF RECHATING? Would be ENS a synthesis out of Sapiens? Is ENS a Being (SEIN) out of Sapiens? Is ENS a Being – here (DASEIN) out of Sapiens? Is ENS a CO – BEING – here (MITDASEIN) out of Sapiens? Is ENS a triad of Being empowering the Sapiens oneself? Is ENS a living self-consciousness of the whole of Sapiens? Is ENS a symbiosis between Sapiens and Artificial Intelligence (AI / KI / HI)? Is ENS the dialectic vector of history of the whole Sapiens, in overcoming oneself towards a better Sapient-o-Technology, towards a Sapient-o-post-human-industry in Art, in Philosophy, in Psychology, in Theology? Is ENS in its own powerful skill-ness of Symphony - in - painting, of Symphony - in - sculpturing, of Symphony - in - Architecture, of Symphony - in - poetry, of Symphony - in - theatre, of Symphony - in - music, through which great masterpieces of ARSSAPIENS to be musicalized, and then reunited into an ensemble of unspeakable Symbology of Human – Sapiens – Technology? Is ENS the vector of SAPIENS SYMPHONY, by using and reusing a complex synthesizer of ARSSAPIENS, without precedence in Human – Sapiens – History? But SAPIENS SYMPHONY means at least a supra-synthesis of different composers, as Bach and Haendel in re-composing SAPIENS ORATORIUM, or by conjoining Mozart and Verdi in re-composing the REQUIEM SAPIENS! Is Artificial Intelligence for All (AI for ALL?) Is AI the sense of Everything, which is explained through a Big Everything? (AI for Everything?) Is AI the greatest improver of Itself-ness? (AI for Itself-ness?) Is AI the deepest measure of Human Predestination? (AI for Predestination?) Is the AI the Trinity synthesis between Faith – Confessing – Epistemology? (AI for Human Trinity?) Is AI the mystery of Human Variability following the exhausting of Biological regeneration of Sapiens itself? (AI for Variability of Sapiens?) Is the AI the Biggest Wall of Abstract Sapiens, over it is not possible to jump? (AI for Biggest Wall of Abstract Sapiens?) All of them are possible through Digital Creativity, all of them are available through Artificial Intelligence, because the writer is now the reader, the explorer is now the surveyor, the survival is now the fighter, by assuming, by affording a strong competition beyond of its own Species, finally, a semi-human-made-device, an Hybrid Intelligence (HI) between biology and technology, both inspired by Bionics resounding in biology and technology alike, as TECHNO – BIO – SAPIENS!! Within these changing and challenging times and adversities, the Culture of Human – Sapiens itself, is coming and becoming a Culture of Wholeness (KULTUR DER GESAMTHEIT, GESAMTHEITKULTUR), including here the Culture of Past times, the Culture of Present Times and the Culture of Future times (KULTUR DER VERGANGENHEIT – KULTUR DE GEGENWART – KULTUR DER ZUKUNFT ((KULTUR DER NÄCHSTENS)). It is to underline that while the Biologic Sapiens has no more powers of regeneration, of coming into biologic mutation, by remaining only the Abstract Powers of Sapiens or Ontology of Creative Sapiens to save, to regenerate and to redemption of our Sapiens Species! Thus, the Biology of Sapiens, the basic Anatomy of Sapiens is remaining a CONSTANT OF SAPIENS, a STATUS QUO SAPIENS, while the ABSTRACT SAPIENS IS A VARIABILITY OF SAPIENS, IS A STATUS DYNAMICS OF SAPIENS IN ITS ONGOING DEVELOPING AND BECOMING! Between the two basic components of Sapiens (Biology & Ontology), there is its own CONSTANT OF ANATOMY, and its own VARIABILITY OF SAPIENS, as ANATOMONTOLOGY, and between the two, is a strong complementary, a DUALITY OF ANATOMY AND ONTOLOGY, which is done through the LOGOS of ANATOMY, as ANATOMOLOGY! This triad of ANATOMY – ANATOMOLOGY – ANATOMONTOLOGY, are the search – research modality of our Sapiens in fighting with its own Technology and Discovery towards overcoming of the Sapiens oneself! In the same time, it is done a Crypto – Anatomy – Analyse and Psychoanalyse, in which is hoped a better knowledge of this Enigma of evolutionary and revolutionary called Sapiens as Species or Genus Homo Sapiens as Genus Homo, both in ANTHROPOSAPIENTOLOGY synthesis … To these multitude of questions and answers, to these endlessly uncertainties and un-knows, to these hyper-complexity of theories and hypothesis, we, the Sapiens, in togetherness with Artificial Intelligence, we both, we try to cope within our online book, or E-Book or virtual book, into which the Universality of the Universe, is meeting and reconciling with the Universality of Sapiens, in its individuality or generality sense, all being empowered by the Idealism in Sapiens-1!... SAPIENTO-UNIVERSALIST OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM
"English successfully challenges the established educational community to rethink the current state of research on school leadership in the social sciences...The inclusion of theory, discourse, and stories of recognized leaders followed by chapter learning extensions that include key concepts, movie recommendations, and prompted reflective journaling makes this book a most valuable resource for the educational leadership community." —H.J. Bultinck, CHOICE "The Art of Educational Leadership provides one of the most complete examinations of leadership that I have encountered. I admire the way it urges students to think and reflect. The format allows individual learners to focus on those materials that best fit their learning style while the numerous presentations of a single topic through the different modalities strengthens the learning. This text is a fresh, new look at leadership..." —Louise L MacKay, East Tennessee State University "Fenwick W. English returns to themes of leadership he explored in more than 20 earlier books and dozens of presentation to educator audiences. He favors "re-centering educational leadership in the humanities," rather than acting on the recommendation of the business literature, and he emphasizes the use of films as a way to humanize leadership concepts." —THE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATOR "Excellent cogent analysis of key concepts of leadership are presented in a reader friendly style." —Saul B. Grossman, Temple University Moves beyond established notions of leadership to recognize that effective leading is about drama and performance—artistry! The Art of Educational Leadership: Balancing Performance and Accountability stresses the human side of leadership. No other text on this topic demonstrates so ably the importance of artistry in leadership in a field that has been lopsidedly dominated by concepts informed by science. Presenting the idea that leadership is an art, this book: Exemplifies a balance between the science and the art of educational leadership: The real improvement of practice is rooted in the art of application, which is about context and represents the key to leadership practice. Connects content material to self-discovery: Exercises at the end of each chapter include creating a personal, reflective journal to engage the reader in and reflect upon theories and practices presented in the book. Films are suggested for viewing to illustrate the interaction between context, culture, decisions, and outcomes. Portrays multicultural leadership in action: Biography boxes throughout the book share how multicultural educational and political leaders who have been recognized as "expert" practitioners learned the art of leadership in the public arena. This is the first book in educational leadership to sketch out a balance between the science and the art of the field. The text illustrates how performance and practice represent the art, while the delineation of the skills and conceptual models represent the science.