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An alloy of 80wt% tantalum-20wt% titanium is being considered for use in an oxidizing and highly corrosive liquid metal application. The high melting point of the alloy, 2400 C, and other physical properties narrowed the possible melting techniques. Previous melting experience with these materials by electron beam resulted in extensive vaporization of the titanium during the melt and poor chemical homogeneity. A technique has been developed using plasma arc melting to melt refractory alloys with very dissimilar densities and vapor pressures. The 80Ta--20Ti alloy falls into this category with the density of tantalum 16.5 g/cc and that of titanium 4.5 g/cc. The melting of these materials is further complicated by the high melting point of tantalum(3020 C) and the relatively low boiling point of titanium(3287 C). The plasma arc melting technique described results in good chemical homogeneity with ingot size quantities of material.
Vacuum plasma-arc melting has the following advantages over vacuum arc melting with the consumable electrode: the possibility of the remelting of lump, noncompact charge; the possibility of the velocity control of melting, maintaining metal in the molten state and, therefore, its additional degassing; and, simpler vacuum equipment. Plasma-arc melting in vacuum (0.4-0.5 mm Hg.) has advantages over plasma-arc melting in weakly rarefied atmosphere (75-100 mm Hg.): the higher degree of degassing of melt; the higher thermal efficiency of process; the less consumption of working gas; the possibility of using low-voltage current sources for vacuum arc furnaces.
State of the art melting of tantalum and tantalum alloys has relied on electron beam (EB) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR) for commercial ingot production. Plasma arc melting (PAM) provides an alternative for melting tantalum that contains very high levels of interstitials where other melting techniques can not be applied. Previous work in this area centered on plasma arc melt quality and final interstitial content of tantalum feedstock containing excessive levels of interstitial impurities as a function of melt rate and plasma gas. This report is an expansion of this prior study and provides the findings from the analysis of second phase components observed in the microstructure of the PAM tantalum. In addition, results from subsequent EB melting trials of PAM tantalum are included.
Powder metallurgy of titanium and titanium alloys has been increasingly attracting attention of engineers and researchers for over four decades and the 4th International Conference on Titanium Powder Metallurgy & Additive Manufacturing (PMTi 2017, Xi’an, China, from 8 to 10 September 2017) was an event that promoted the progress in this area of the materials science and processing technologies.