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El sistema sanitario en España es uno de los principales motores del país, el cual emplea a 476.689 profesionales públicos y genera un gasto a las administraciones públicas del 9,3% del PIB. En el centro del sistema sanitario se encuentra el paciente, alrededor del cual se encuentran los Servicios Clínicos formados por los profesionales asistenciales que proveen la asistencia directa. A su vez, las unidades clínicas son apoyadas por los servicios generales (SSGG) y por el Servicio de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (TICs) los cuales tienen como finalidad dar soporte a la actividad principal de las organizaciones sanitarias en lo relativo a la gestión no asistencial y tecnológica al menor coste posible. Los SSGG gestionan entre el 22% y el 30% del presupuesto e intervienen cada vez más en la prestación de la asistencia sanitaria y el bienestar del paciente. El servicio de TICs es considerado como estratégico dentro de una organización sanitaria ya que provee de herramientas a los trabajadores de toda la organización y a los propios pacientes. El mismo aporta valor a la organización en la prestación de su negocio. No obstante, se han detectado carencias en la gestión del mismo y de los SSGG en el ámbito sanitario básicamente debido a una falta de planificación estratégica, de cultura de calidad y de autoevaluación. Así, el objetivo de este proyecto es el contribuir a la mejor de la eficiencia en la gestión de las TICs y de los SSGG en el ámbito sanitario a través de la correcta Planificación Estratégica que alinee los recursos disponibles, la definición de indicadores claros dentro de un Cuadro de Mando para la medición del desempeño en la prestación de los servicios y la implantación de la cultura de la comparación y del Benchmarking con el objetivo de aprovechar sinergias entre Organizaciones Sanitarias. Así, se ha elaborado el Plan Estratégico de Tecnologías de la Información (PETIC) para el Área de Salud de Ibiza y Formentera (ASEF), aun cuando gran parte del mismo es extrapolable a cualquier organización sanitaria. Para ello, se ha definido previamente el Plan Estratégico del Área de Salud y a su vez un Plan Estratégico para un Servicio de Salud tipo, cogiendo como referencia el Servicio Balear de Salud. A partir del PETIC se ha creado un cuadro de mando con objetivos concretos y medibles que permitan la evaluación el desempeño en materia de TICs dentro de la organización. Para ello, se ha definido la teoría del CM4D, el Cuadro de Mando de las cuatro dimensiones, el cual se basa en el modelo definido por Kaplan y Norton aportando las dimensiones temporal, de responsabilidades y funcional. A su vez, el mismo dispone de una representación gráfica conocida como la pirámide del CM4D. Una vez definidos los indicadores más relevantes en materia de TICs se ha realizado un proceso de Benchmarking con los hospitales de las Islas Baleares con el objetivo de evaluar el desempeño en materia de TICs, buscar los líderes en cada indicador, el estándar de los mismos así como posibles mejoras a implantar dentro de cada servicio. Para la realización del proceso de Benchmarking se ha definido e implantado la herramienta web www.proyectosigman.com la cual permite realizar el proceso de forma automática a través de la misma facilitando así el proceso a los usuarios. La web sigue el modelo encuesta-informe y es una iniciativa pionera en el ámbito de las TICs y especialmente de los Servicios Generales del ámbito sanitario. Como conclusiones del proyecto: el PETIC se ha mostrado como una herramienta útil en la gestión de las TICs que permite orientar los recursos tecnológicos y humanos a la consecución de los objetivos de la organización sanitaria. Del proceso de benchmarking se han detectado los líderes de mercado, se han definido los estándares para los indicadores estudiados, y se han obtenido medidas concretas para mejorar el rendimiento de las organizaciones que participan en el mismo. Algunas de ellas se han aplicado ya en el ASEF mejorando el desempeño en materia de TICs (políticas de seguridad, virtualización, certificación...). Por otro lado, debe aumentarse la muestra de los participantes en el benchmarking con el objetivo de mejorar la fiabilidad de los indicadores propuestos. Por último, la herramienta web implantada es pionera en la realización del Benchmarking en los SSGG y en el ámbito de las TICs. La misma puede ser un referente en la gestión de los servicios debido a que es una fuente de información común que permite la visibilidad y la autoevaluación de las organizaciones sanitarias que colaboren con ella.
This publication deals with key issues in land tenure, especially as they relate to food insecurity and rural development situations. Land tenure issues are frequently ignored in rural development interventions, with often long-lasting, negative results. This guide is designed to assist technical officers in governments and civil society in understanding why and how land tenure issues should be considered in rural development projects. It analyses important contexts such as environmental degradation, gender discrimination, and conflicts, where land tenure is currently of critical concern.
This open access book revisits the theoretical foundations of urban planning and the application of these concepts and methods in the context of Southern countries by examining several case studies from different regions of the world. For instance, the case of Koudougou, a medium-sized city in one of the poorest countries in the world, Burkina Faso, with a population of 115.000 inhabitants, allows us to understand concretely which and how these deficiencies are translated in an African urban context. In contrast, the case of Nueve de Julio, intermediate city of 50.000 dwellers in the pampa Argentina, addresses the new forms of spatial fragmentation and social exclusion linked with agro export and crisis of the international markets. Case studies are also included for cities in Asia and Latin America. Differences and similarities between cases allow us to foresee alternative models of urban planning better adapted to tackle poverty and find efficient ways for more inclusive cities in developing and emerging countries, interacting several dimensions linked with high rates of urbanization: territorial fragmentation; environmental contamination; social disparities and exclusion, informal economy and habitat, urban governance and democracy.
Based on twenty case studies of universities worldwide, and on a survey administered to leaders in 101 universities, this open access book shows that, amidst the significant challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, universities found ways to engage with schools to support them in sustaining educational opportunity. In doing so, they generated considerable innovation, which reinforced the integration of the research and outreach functions of the university. The evidence suggests that universities are indeed open systems, in interaction with their environment, able to discover changes that can influence them and to change in response to those changes. They are also able, in the success of their efforts to mitigate the educational impact of the pandemic, to create better futures, as the result of the innovations they can generate. This challenges the view of universities as "ivory towers" being isolated from the surrounding environment and detached from local problems. As they reached out to schools, universities not only generated clear and valuable innovations to sustain educational opportunity and to improve it, this process also contributed to transform internal university processes in ways that enhanced their own ability to deliver on the third mission of outreach
Does gender condition politicians’ discourse strategies in parliament? This is the question we try to answer in A Gender-based Approach to Parliamentary Discourse: The Andalusian Parliament. This book, written by experts in the field of discourse analysis, covers key aspects of political discourse such as gender, identity and verbal and nonverbal strategies: intensification, enumerative series, non-literal quotations, pseudo-desemantisation, lexical colloquialisation, emotion, eye contact and time management. It provides a large number of examples from a balanced gender parliament, the Andalusian Parliament, and it focuses mainly on argumentation, since parliamentary discourse is above all argumentative. This book will prove invaluable to students and teachers in the field of discourse analysis, and more specifically of political discourse, and will also be very useful to politicians and anyone interested in communication strategies. As of January 2019, this e-book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched.
This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Big Data & Emerging Topics, JCC-BD&ET 2021, held in La Plata, Argentina*, in June 2021. The 12 full papers and 2 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 37 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on parallel and distributed computing; machine and deep learning; big data; web and mobile computing; visualization.. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The German Ministry of Defense decided in 2000 to commission a study comparing various European systems of military law. The present book contains not only the original study but also all national reports in English. It provides a comparative analysis of different European military law systems on the basis of national reports.
The book is based on the exchange of professional experiences which featured in an IUCN CEC workshop in August 2002. Practitioners from around the world shared their models of good practice and explored the challenges involved in engaging people in sustainability. The difficulties facing practitioners vary between country and context but some challenges are universal: A lack of clarity in communicating what is meant by sustainable development; An ambition to educate everyone to bring about a global citizenship; Social, organisational or institutional factors constrain change to sustainable development, yet there is an emphasis on formal education, and community educators do not receive the same support; A lack of balance in addressing the integration of environmental, social and economic dimensions leading to an interpretation that ESD is mainly about environment and conservation issues; New learning (rather than teaching) approaches are called for to promote more debate in society. Yet, few are trained or experienced in these new approaches. Practitioners need support to explore new ways of promoting learning. [Foreword, ed].
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Two experts on the information economy explore the true economic value of technology and innovation. A wave of business innovation is driving the productivity resurgence in the U.S. economy. In Wired for Innovation, Erik Brynjolfsson and Adam Saunders describe how information technology directly or indirectly created this productivity explosion, reversing decades of slow growth. They argue that the companies with the highest level of returns to their technology investment are doing more than just buying technology; they are inventing new forms of organizational capital to become digital organizations. These innovations include a cluster of organizational and business-process changes, including broader sharing of information, decentralized decision-making, linking pay and promotions to performance, pruning of non-core products and processes, and greater investments in training and education. Innovation continues through booms and busts. This book provides an essential guide for policy makers and economists who need to understand how information technology is transforming the economy and how it will create value in the coming decade.