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In the early 1900s, orphanages in the United States housed more than 100,000 children, thousands of those living in Pittsburgh. Buildings that became group homes were constructed through churches and fraternal organizations. The facilities, complete with boarding accommodations, dining halls, schools, playgrounds, and infirmaries, offered accommodations for 100 to 300 orphans at any given time. For the orphans living in such homes, everything was communal and privacy was nonexistent. Young boys and girls slept in overcrowded dormitories, waited in long lines to use the lavatories, and lost their individuality to the uniform appearance of being an orphan. Some children still had a living parent, but due to dire circumstances of the times, their fate was in the hands of those who operated the orphanage.
Christians are clearly called to care for orphans, a group so close to the heart of Jesus. In reality, most of the 153 million orphaned and vulnerable children in the world do not need to be adopted, and not everyone needs to become an adoptive parent. However, there are other very important ways to help beyond adoption. Indeed, caring for orphaned and vulnerable children requires us to care about related issues from child trafficking and HIV/AIDS to racism and poverty. Too often, we only discuss or theologize the issues, relegating the responsibility to governments. No one can do everything, but everyone can do something. Based on his own personal journey toward pure religion, Johnny Carr moves readers from talking about global orphan care to actually doing something about it in Orphan Justice. Combining biblical truth with the latest research, this inspiring book: • investigates the orphan care and adoption movement in the U.S. today • examines new data on the needs of orphaned and vulnerable children • connects “liberal issues” together as critical aspects or orphan care • discovers the role of the church worldwide in meeting these needs • develops a tangible, sustainable action plan using worldwide partnerships • fleshes out the why, what, and how of global orphan care • offers practical steps to getting involved and making a difference
Containing reports from Pennsylvania judicial districts and other leading decisions.
Allegheny Town was established in 1784 by order of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. By 1840, the tiny wilderness community had grown in size and population to be incorporated as Allegheny City. Throughout the 19th century, Allegheny City became home to immigrants from many European countries who found work in the city's expanding commercial and industrial firms, as well such prominent Americans as Andrew Carnegie, Samuel P. Langley, Mary Cassatt, George Ferris, and Mary Roberts Rinehart. The citizens of Allegheny City's many neighborhoods took great pride in their city's heritage, schools, parks, and congregations. On January 1, 1907, Allegheny City was the third-largest city in Pennsylvania. By the end of that year, the city, as an autonomous municipality, no longer existed as a result of an annexation by Pittsburgh, its sister city across the river. Allegheny City: 1840-1907 documents the short history of this remarkable city.
The experiences of widows and their children during the Progressive Era and the New Deal depended on differences in local economies and values. How did these widely varied experiences impact the origins of the welfare state? S. J. Kleinberg delves into the question by comparing widows' lives in three industrial cities with differing economic, ethnic, and racial bases. Government in Fall River, Massachusetts, saw employment as a solution to widows' poverty and as a result drastically limited public charity. In Pittsburgh, widows received sympathetic treatment. Few jobs existed for them or their children; indeed, the jobs for men were concentrated in "widowmaking" industries like steel and railroading. With a large African American population and a diverse economy that relied on inexpensive child and female labor, Baltimore limited funds for public services. African Americans adapted by establishing their own charitable institutions. A fascinating comparative study, Widows and Orphans First offers a one-of-a-kind look at social welfare policy for widows and the role of children in society during a pivotal time in American history.
By 1900, downtown Pittsburgh, known as the Golden Triangle, had become a classic central business district at the confluence of three rivers: the Allegheny, the Monongahela, and the Ohio. The valleys of the three rivers were lined with the factories and mills that made Pittsburgh the aforge of the nation.a Great industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and George Westinghouse made Pittsburgh the center of the American iron, steel, aluminum, glass, and oil industries. With their success, money poured into Pittsburghas banks, providing means for the cityas growth. The years between 1900 and 1945 witnessed the peak of Pittsburghas commercial development and industrial might. Pittsburgh: 1900a1945 features postcard views taken during this period and illustrates the power, wealth, and beauty of the city of Pittsburgh during its era of industrial greatness.
At the beginning of the century, Pittsburgh was the center of one of the nation's most powerful industries: iron and steel. It was also the site of an unprecedented effort to study the effects of industry on one American city. The Pittsburgh Survey (1909-1914) brought together statisticians, social workers, engineers, lawyers, physicians, economists, labor investigators, city planners, and photographers. They documented Pittsburgh's degraded environment, corrupt civic institutions, and exploited labor force and made a compelling case - in four books and two collections of articles - for reforming corporate capitolism.In its literary history and visual power, breadth, and depth, the Pittsburgh Survey remains an undisputed classis of social science research. Like the Lynds' Middletown studies of the 1920s, the Survey captured the nation's attention, and Pittsburgh came to symbolize the problems and way of life of industrial America as a whole.A landmark volume in its own right, this book of thirteen essays examines the accuracy and impact of the Pittsburgh Survey, both on social science as a discipline and on Pittsburgh itself. It also places the Survey firmly in the context of the social reform movement of the early twentieth century.
This innovative study examines the development of institutional childcare from 1878 to 1929, based on a comparison of two "sister" orphanages in Pittsburgh: the all-white United Presbyterian Orphan's Home and the all-black Home for Colored Children. Drawing on quantitative analysis of the records of more than 1,500 children living at the two orphanages, as well as census data, city logs, and contemporary social science surveys, this study raises new questions about the role of childcare in constructing and perpetrating social inequality in the United States.