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This book provides an invaluable reference to Piezoelectric Accelerometers with Integral Electronics (IEPE). It describes the design and performance parameters of IEPE accelerometers and their key elements, PE transducers and FET-input amplifiers. Coverage includes recently designed, low-noise and high temperature IEPE accelerometers. Readers will benefit from the detailed noise analysis of the IEPE accelerometer, which enables estimation of its noise floor and noise limits. Other topics useful for designers of low-noise, high temperature silicon-based electronics include noise analysis of FET amplifiers, experimental investigation and comparison of low-frequency noise in different JFETs and MOSFETs, and ultra-low-noise JFETs (at level of 0.6 nV/√Hz). The discussion also includes ultra-low-noise (at level of 3 ng/√Hz) seismic IEPE accelerometers and high temperature (up to 175 ̊C) triaxial and single axis miniature IEPE accelerometers, along with key factors for their design. • Provides a comprehensive reference to the design and performance of IEPE accelerometers, including low-noise and high temperature IEPE sensors; • Includes noise analysis of the IEPE accelerometer, which enables estimation of the its noise floor and noise limits; • Describes recently design of ultra-low-noise (at level of 3 ng/√Hz) IEPE seismic accelerometers and high temperature (up to 175 ̊C) triaxial and single axis miniature IEPE accelerometers; • Compares low-frequency noise in different JFETs and MOSFETs including measurement results of ultra-low-noise (at level of 0.6 nV/√Hz) JFET; • Presents key factors for design of low-noise and high temperature IEPE accelerometer and their electronics.
The book Smart Sensors and MEMS provides an unique collection of contributions on latest achievements in sensors area and technologies that have made by eleven internationally recognized leading experts from Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Israel, Portugal, Switzerland, Ukraine and USA during the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) in Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, from 8 to 19 September 2003. The aims of this volume are to disseminate wider and in-depth theoretical and practical knowledge about smart sensors and its applications, to create a clear consciousness about the effectiveness of MEMS technologies, advanced signal processing and conversion methods, to stimulate the theoretical and applied research in these areas, and promote the practical using of these techniques in the industry. With that in mind, a broad range of physical, chemical and biosensors design principles, technologies and applications were included in the book. It is a first attempt to describe in the same book different physical, chemical, biological sensors and MEMS technologies suitable for smart sensors creation. The book presents the state-of-the-art and gives an excellent opportunity to provide a systematic, in-depth treatment of the new and rapidly developing field of smart sensors and MEMS. The volume is an excellent guide for practicing engineers, researchers and students interested in this crucial aspect of actual smart sensor design.
This book is devoted to diverse aspects of earthquake researches, especially to new achievements in seismicity that involves geosciences, assessment, and mitigation. Chapters contain advanced materials of detailed engineering investigations, which can help more clearly appreciate, predict, and manage different earthquake processes. Different research themes for diverse areas in the world are developed here, highlighting new methods of studies that lead to new results and models, which could be helpful for the earthquake risk. The presented and developed themes mainly concern wave's characterization and decomposition, recent seismic activity, assessment-mitigation, and engineering techniques. The book provides the state of the art on recent progress in earthquake engineering and management. The obtained results show a scientific progress that has an international scope and, consequently, should open perspectives to other still unresolved interesting aspects.
Today the human body is exposed to vibration not only while traveling but also during leisure and domestic activities and in many occupations. This volume summarizes the current understanding of the many human responses to vibration. Divided into two parts, this book deals with whole-body vibrations and hand-transmitted vibration. In each part the experimental data and appropriate models are presented in detail so that readers can address practical problems. An extensive guide to national and international standards is provided, and a large multidisciplinary glossary of terms assists in understanding the relevant technical and medical jargon. This comprehensive reference volume is accessible to all those interested in human vibration: medical doctors, engineers, lawyers, scientists, and health and safety officials and administrators. LK uses the following bulleted list_ This new text features: An up-to-date statement of current knowledge on human responses to vibration A comprehensive glossary of terms in current use in the fields of vibration and human response An extensive bibliography and guide to national and international standards
This book helps the reader to understand the specific properties of piezoelectric ceramic resonators. It provides their theoretical description by immitance and equivalent circuit method. The nummerical modelling described is accompanied by examples of properties measured experimentally. Piezoelectric ceramic transformers are also covered, followed by a series of solved and unsolved problems prepared specially for students.
This unique compendium presents some new topics related to thin-walled structures, like beams, plates and shells used in aerospace structures. It highlights their dynamic behaviors and also the correlation between compressive loading and natural frequency to enable a correlation between the two, yielding a valuable non-destructive tool, to predict buckling for thin-walled structures.This useful reference text combines valuable data on metal materials and composite materials together with new adaptive and smart materials like piezoelectricity, shape memory alloys and optic fibers, which form the present state of the art in thin-walled structure domain.
The paper analyzes two lumped-parameter models for computing the usable frequency range of piezoelectric accelerometers.The analyses indicate why application of an electrical excitation to the piezoelectric element of a mounted pickup does not, in general, give the same result as application of a mechanical acceleration to the structure on which the pickup is mounted.Tabular results of the computations for various sets of parameters indicate those cases for which the electrical drive will give resonant frequency values within 2% of those for the pickup mounted on a vibrating structure. For these parameter sets, the electrical drive can be used as a reliable substitute.(Author).
A smart civil structure integrates smart materials, sensors, actuators, signal processors, communication networks, power sources, diagonal strategies, control strategies, repair strategies, and life-cycle management strategies. It should function optimally and safely in its environment and maintain structural integrity during strong winds, severe earthquakes, and other extreme events. This book extends from the fundamentals to the state-of-the-art. It covers the elements of smart civil structures, their integration, and their functions. The elements consist of smart materials, sensors, control devices, signal processors, and communication networks. Integration refers to multi-scale modelling and model updating, multi-type sensor placement, control theory, and collective placement of control devices and sensors. And the functions include structural health monitoring, structural vibration control, structural self-repairing, and structural energy harvesting, with emphasis on their synthesis to form truly smart civil structures. It suits civil engineering students, professionals, and researchers with its blend of principles and practice.
The design of ultra-low-noise seismic piezoelectric accelerometers (PEs) with integral electronics (IEPE) is presented. They feature probably the lowest noise floor (for their size and weight) and the lowest operating frequencies (near-dc) ever reported to date among these types of vibration sensors. These highly sensitive sensors can be used for earthquake monitoring and in the earthquake prediction system by detecting and monitoring microseismic fluctuations. The warning system using these sensors would be fundamentally different from current warning systems using the network of hundreds of seismometers across seismically active regions and recording only seismic events. Two Meggitt (OC) IEPE seismic accelerometers, models 86 and 87-10 having sensitivity of 10 V/G, are described. The model 86 has a weight of about 770 g and a frequency range from 0.003 to 200 Hz at the ±3 dB level. Its noise floor in terms of the equivalent input noise acceleration spectral density is about 37, 7, and 3 nG/ Hz at at frequencies 1, 10, and 100 Hz, respectively. The model 87-10 is a compact sensor with a weight of about 170 g and a frequency range from 0.02 to 500 Hz at the ±3 dB level. It has noise of about 90, 25, and 10 nG/ Hz at at frequencies 1, 10, and 100 Hz, respectively.
Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 9: Proceedings of the 36th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2018, the ninth volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Modal Analysis, including papers on: Operational Modal & Modal Analysis Applications Experimental Techniques Modal Analysis, Measurements & Parameter Estimation Modal Vectors & Modeling Basics of Modal Analysis Additive Manufacturing & Modal Testing of Printed Parts