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The effectiveness of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for a large class of process systems has ensured their continued and widespread use in industry. Similarly there has been a continued interest from academia in devising new ways of approaching the PID tuning problem. To the industrial engineer and many control academics this work has previously appeared fragmented; but a key determinant of this literature is the type of process model information used in the PID tuning methods. PID Control presents a set of coordinated contributions illustrating methods, old and new, that cover the range of process model assumptions systematically. After a review of PID technology, these contributions begin with model-free methods, progress through non-parametric model methods (relay experiment and phase-locked-loop procedures), visit fuzzy-logic- and genetic-algorithm-based methods; introduce a novel subspace identification method before closing with an interesting set of parametric model techniques including a chapter on predictive PID controllers. Highlights of PID Control include: an introduction to PID control technology features and typical industrial implementations; chapter contributions ordered by the increasing quality of the model information used; novel PID control concepts for multivariable processes. PID Control will be useful to industry-based engineers wanting a better understanding of what is involved in the steps to a new generation of PID controller techniques. Academics wishing to have a broader perspective of PID control research and development will find useful pedagogical material and research ideas in this text.
This book focuses on those functionalities that can provide significant improvements in Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) performance in combination with parameter tuning. In particular, the choice of filter to make the controller proper, the use of a feedforward action and the selection of an anti-windup strategy are addressed. The book gives the reader new methods for improving the performance of the most widely applied form of control in industry.
This monograph presents a new analytical approach to the design of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for linear time-invariant plants. The authors develop a computer-aided procedure, to synthesize PID controllers that satisfy multiple design specifications. A geometric approach, which can be used to determine such designs methodically using 2- and 3-D computer graphics is the result. The text expands on the computation of the complete stabilizing set previously developed by the authors and presented here. This set is then systematically exploited to achieve multiple design specifications simultaneously. These specifications include classical gain and phase margins, time-delay tolerance, settling time and H-infinity norm bounds. The results are developed for continuous- and discrete-time systems. An extension to multivariable systems is also included. Analytical Design of PID Controllers provides a novel method of designing PID controllers, which makes it ideal for both researchers and professionals working in traditional industries as well as those connected with unmanned aerial vehicles, driverless cars and autonomous robots.
In many industrial applications, the existing constraints mandate the use of controllers of low and fixed order while typically, modern methods of optimal control produce high-order controllers. The authors seek to start to bridge the resultant gap and present a novel methodology for the design of low-order controllers such as those of the P, PI and PID types. Written in a self-contained and tutorial fashion, this book first develops a fundamental result, generalizing a classical stability theorem – the Hermite–Biehler Theorem – and then applies it to designing controllers that are widely used in industry. It contains material on: • current techniques for PID controller design; • stabilization of linear time-invariant plants using PID controllers; • optimal design with PID controllers; • robust and non-fragile PID controller design; • stabilization of first-order systems with time delay; • constant-gain stabilization with desired damping • constant-gain stabilization of discrete-time plants.
This book presents a detailed study on fractional-order, set-point, weighted PID control strategies and the development of curve-fitting-based approximation techniques for fractional-order parameters. Furthermore, in all the cases, it includes the Scilab-based commands and functions for easy implementation and better understanding, and to appeal to a wide range of readers working with the software. The presented Scilab-based toolbox is the first toolbox for fractional-order systems developed in open-source software. The toolboxes allow time and frequency domains as well as stability analysis of the fractional-order systems and controllers. The book also provides real-time examples of the control of process plants using the developed fractional-order based PID control strategies and the approximation techniques. The book is of interest to readers in the areas of fractional-order controllers, approximation techniques, process modeling, control, and optimization, both in industry and academia. In industry, the book is particularly valuable in the areas of research and development (R&D) as well as areas where PID controllers suffice – and it should be noted that around 80% of low-level controllers in industry are PID based. The book is also useful where conventional PIDs are constrained, such as in industries where long-term delay and non-linearity are present. Here it can be used for the design of controllers for real-time processes. The book is also a valuable teaching and learning resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Filling a gap in the literature, this book is a presentation of recent results in the field of PID controllers, including their design, analysis, and synthesis. Emphasis is placed on the efficient computation of the entire set of PID controllers achieving stability and various performance specifications, which is important for the development of future software design packages, as well as further capabilities such as adaptive PID design and online implementation. The results presented here are timely given the resurgence of interest in PID controllers and will find widespread application, specifically in the development of computationally efficient tools for PID controller design and analysis. Serving as a catalyst to bridge the theory--practice gap in the control field as well as the classical--modern gap, this monograph is an excellent resource for control, electrical, chemical, and mechanical engineers, as well as researchers in the field of PID controllers.
Recognising the benefits of improved control, the second edition of Autotuning of PID Controllers provides simple yet effective methods for improving PID controller performance. The practical issues of controller tuning are examined using numerous worked examples and case studies in association with specially written autotuning MATLAB® programs to bridge the gap between conventional tuning practice and novel autotuning methods. The extensively revised second edition covers: • Derivation of analytical expressions for relay feedback responses. • Shapes of relay responses and improved closed-loop control and performance assessment. • Autotuning for handling process nonlinearity in multiple-model-based cases. • The impact of imperfect actuators on controller performance. This book is more than just a monograph, it is an independent learning tool applicable to the work of academic control engineers and of their counterparts in industry looking for more effective process control and automation.
Recently, a great deal of effort has been dedicated to capitalising on advances in mathematical control theory in conjunction with tried-and-tested classical control structures particularly with regard to the enhanced robustness and tighter control of modern PID controllers. Much of the research in this field and that of the operational autonomy of PID controllers has already been translated into useful new functions for industrial controllers. This book covers the important knowledge relating to the background, application, and design of, and advances in PID controllers in a unified and comprehensive treatment including: Evolution and components of PID controllers Classical and Modern PID controller design Automatic Tuning Multi-loop Control Practical issues concerned with PID control The book is intended to be useful to a wide spectrum of readers interested in PID control ranging from practising technicians and engineers to graduate and undergraduate students.
This book discusses the theory, application, and practice of PID control technology. It is designed for engineers, researchers, students of process control, and industry professionals. It will also be of interest for those seeking an overview of the subject of green automation who need to procure single loop and multi-loop PID controllers and who aim for an exceptional, stable, and robust closed-loop performance through process automation. Process modeling, controller design, and analyses using conventional and heuristic schemes are explained through different applications here. The readers should have primary knowledge of transfer functions, poles, zeros, regulation concepts, and background. The following sections are covered: The Theory of PID Controllers and their Design Methods, Tuning Criteria, Multivariable Systems: Automatic Tuning and Adaptation, Intelligent PID Control, Discrete, Intelligent PID Controller, Fractional Order PID Controllers, Extended Applications of PID, and Practical Applications. A wide variety of researchers and engineers seeking methods of designing and analyzing controllers will create a heavy demand for this book: interdisciplinary researchers, real time process developers, control engineers, instrument technicians, and many more entities that are recognizing the value of shifting to PID controller procurement.