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This is the first of three volumes of general proceedings from the Ninth Seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies. It presents a selection of scholarly and academic articles on Tibetan history, which includes contemporary developments as well as a linguistic section.

PIATS

International Association for Tibetan Studies. Seminar

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 552


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Courts of some Nordic countries started reviewing the constitutionality of legislation long before judicial review was established elsewhere in Europe. This study examines the influence of American law and theories of judicial review on the development, practice and theorization of judicial review in Norway, Denmark, and Iceland from the 19th century to the present.The study describes how Nordic scholars in the late 19th century rationalized judicial review based on American theory and how American law influenced both their views of the institution and their way of thinking about substantive constitutional rights. These views in turn influenced Nordic jurisprudence for decades.The author then shows how the changes that took place in American constitutional jurisprudence in the 1930s and 1940s influenced Nordic constitutional theory and constitutional jurisprudence. These changes received significant attention in Nordic legal circles and the study examines how these changes, as well as the American and Nordic theory that built on them, influenced Nordic jurisprudence.Finally, it is argued that American influence in this area of law changed after 1965. Direct references to and discussions of American law almost disappeared from Nordic jurisprudence. American constitutional law was, however, an important influence on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, which importance increased in this period. The European Convention of Human Rights and the Court's decisions have in turn immensely influenced Nordic constitutional law.
This unique book considers competition policy and regulation in light of the recent introduction of the anti-monopoly law in China. It addresses the relevance of competition policy for China from a broad theoretical and practical perspective, bringing together lawyers and economists from China, Europe and the US to provide an integrated law and economics approach. Given that the development of the Chinese anti-monopoly law in China was heavily reliant on a comparative approach, the contributors analyse how its text and practice actually compare to European and US legislation. The first cases in which Chinese anti-monopoly law were applied are explored, and both competition law and competition policy are discussed in detail. Topics include: industrial and professional regulation and their relationship to competition law, merger control, substantive competition law issues, cartels, and abuse of dominance and predation. This unique book will prove a fascinating read for competition lawyers, economists with a special interest in regulation and competition, and for practitioners concerned with competition policy and regulation.
Designed in 1942, Britain's innovative Projector, Infantry, Anti-Tank (PIAT) provided British and Commonwealth troops with a much-needed means of taking on Germany's formidable Panzers. Replacing the inadequate Boys anti-tank rifle, it was conceived in the top-secret World War II research and development organization known colloquially as 'Churchill's Toyshop', alongside other ingenious weapons such as the sticky bomb, the limpet mine and the time-pencil fuse. Unlike the more famous US bazooka, the PIAT had its roots in something simpler than rocket science. Operated from the shoulder, the PIAT was a spigot mortar which fired a heavy high-explosive bomb, with its main spring soaking up the recoil. The PIAT had a limited effective range. Troops required nerves of steel to get close enough to an enemy tank to ensure a direct hit, often approaching to within 50ft of the target, and no fewer than six Victoria Crosses were won during World War II by soldiers operating PIATs. A front-line weapon in every theatre of the conflict in which Commonwealth troops fought, from Europe to the Far East, the PIAT remained in service after 1945, seeing action during the Greek Civil War, the Arab–Israeli conflict and the Korean War. This illustrated study combines detailed research with expert analysis to reveal the full story of the design, development and deployment of this revolutionary weapon.
By far the largest, most authoritative and up-to-date single-volume book on Italian verbs ever written, The Big Book of Italian Verbs: 900 Fully Conjugated Verbs in All Tenses - With IPA, 2nd Edition is the result of many years of research into the morphology and phonetics of Italian verbs. At the time of its publication, it is the only reference on the phonetics of Italian verbs as well as of Italian in general - all conjugation tables of verbs have IPA transcriptions associated with them. Inside you will find: 900 Italian verbs fully conjugated in all tenses and including usage examples IPA transcription given within conjugation tables for each tense An index comprising all the verb forms available in the book, in order to easily find irregular verb forms
The Seventh International Conference on Information and Communications - curity,ICICS2005,washeldinBeijing,China,10-13December2005. TheICICS conference series is an established forum for exchanging new research ideas and development results in the areas of information security and applied crypt- raphy. The ?rst event began here in Beijing in 1997. Since then the conference series has been interleaving its venues in China and the rest of the world: ICICS 1997 in Beijing, China; ICICS 1999 in Sydney, Australia; ICICS 2001 in Xi’an, China; ICICS 2002 in Singapore; ICICS 2003 in Hohhot City, China; and ICICS 2004 in Malaga, Spain. The conference proceedings of the past events have - ways been published by Springer in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series, with volume numbers, respectively: LNCS 1334,LNCS 1726,LNCS 2229, LNCS 2513, LNCS 2836, and LNCS 3269. ICICS 2005 was sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 4052016; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 60083007 and No. 60573042;the NationalGrandFundamentalResearch973ProgramofChina under Grant No. G1999035802, and Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, China. The conference was organized and hosted by the Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ERCIST, CAS) in co-operation with the International Communications and Information Security Association (ICISA). The aim of the ICICS conference series has been to o?er the attendees the opportunity to discuss the latest developments in theoretical and practical - pects of information and communications security.
Essays discussing transdisciplinary methodology introduce case studies on Buddhist manuscripts, inscriptions, art and oral traditions of the Indian Himalayas and Central Tibet. The research was carried out within the context of an Interdisciplinary Research Unit financed by the Austrian Science Fund.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information and Communications Security, ICICS 2005, held in Beijing, China in December 2005. The 40 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 235 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on fair exchange, digital signatures, cryptographic protocols, cryptanalysis, network security, applied cryptography, key management, access control, applications, watermarking, and system security.
The papers in this volume all result from field work in the Indian Himalayas and the TAR conducted by the Interdisciplinary Research Unit, Austrian Science Fund. While the research goals were established within the framework of transdisciplinary research, each scholar approaches scientific problems according to the methodologies associated with their respective disciplines: philology, philosophy, history, art history, linguistics, and anthropology. In the contribution published here, Steinkellner, Klimburg-Salter, Widorn, and Jahoda explicate the structure, methods, and advantages of transdisciplinary research. Lasic and Tauscher analyse two different philosophical questions on the basis of manuscripts from Tabo (Spiti) and Gondhla (Lahaul). Pasang Wangdu, Tropper and Ponweiser each examine a Buddhist monument from a different perspective: Keru (TAR), Wanla (Ladakh), and Tabo. Papa-Kalantari and Hein discuss respectively an iconographic problem and oral traditions from Spiti and upper Kinnaur.