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This 2nd edition is an extensive update of "B Decays?. The revisions are necessary because of the extensive amount of new data and new theoretical ideas. This book reviews what is known about b-quark decays and also looks at what can be learned in the future.The importance of this research area is increasing, as evidenced by the approval of the luminosity upgrade for CESR and the asymmetric B factories at SLAC and KEK, and the possibility of experiments at hadron colliders.The key experimental observations made thus far, measurement of the lifetimes of the different B species, B0-B0 mixing, the discovery of ?Penguin? mediated decays, and the extraction of the CKM matrix elements Vub and Vcb from semileptonic decays, as well as more mundane results, are described in great detail by the experimentalists who have been closely involved with making the measurements. Theoretical progress in understanding b-quark decays using HQET and lattice gauge techniques are described by theorists who have developed and used these techniques.Synthesizing the experimental and theoretical information, several articles discuss the implications for the ?Standard Model? and how further tests can be done using measurements of CP violation in the B system.
This comprehensive work thoroughly introduces and reviews the set of results from Belle and BaBar - after more than two decades of independent and complementary work - all the way from the detectors and the analysis tools used, up to the physics results, and the interpretation of these results. The world’s two giant B Factory collaborations, Belle at KEK and BaBar at SLAC, have successfully completed their main mission to discover and quantify CP violation in the decays of B mesons. CP violation is a necessary requirement to distinguish unambiguously between matter and antimatter. The shared primary objective of the two B Factory experiments was to determine the shape of the so-called unitarity triangle, an abstract triangle representing interactions of quarks, the elementary constituents of matter. The area of the triangle is a measure of the amount of CP violation associated with the weak force. Many other measurements have been performed by the B Factories and are also discussed in this work.
This book provides a thorough introduction to the phenomenology of heavy flavour physics, those working on the B-factories, LHCb, BTeV, HERA and the Tevatron. It explains how heavy quark theory could be implemented on the lattice, and discusses the status of CP-violation in the neutral kaon system.
A unique presentation of our current understanding of particle physics for researchers, advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
For the eighth Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics we returned once again to the Hotel on the Cay on that speck of land in the harbor of Christiansted, St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands. This time, the ASI brought together a total of 73 participants, from 21 countries. The primary support for the meeting was provided, as usual, by the Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The ASI was cosponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), by the U. S. National Science Foundation, and by the University of Rochester. A special contribution from the Oliver S. and Jennie R. Donaldson Charitable Trust provided an important degree of flexibility, as well as support for worthy students from developing countries. In addition, the International Science Foundation contributed very generously to the support of a participant from Russia. As in the case of the previous ASls, the scientific program was designed for advanced graduate students and recent PhD recipients in experimental particle physics. The present volume of lectures, although, unfortunately, short of three contributions, should complement the material published in the first seven ASIs, and prove to be of value to a wider audience of physicists. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the encouragement and support that I have continued to receive from colleagues and friends in organizing this meeting.
University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. Volume 2 covers thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and Volume 3 covers optics and modern physics. This textbook emphasizes connections between between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result. The text and images in this textbook are grayscale.
The ?avor sector carries the largest number of parameters in the Standard Model of particle physics. With no evident symmetry principle behind its existence, it is not as well understood as the SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) gauge interactions. Yet it tends to be underrated, sometimes even ignored, by the erudite. This is especially so on the verge of the LHC era, where the exploration of the physics of electroweak symmetry breaking at the high energy frontier would soon be the main thrust of the ?eld. Yet, the question of “Who ordered the muon?” by I. I. Rabi lingers. We do not understand why there is “family” (or generation) replication. That three generations are needed to have CP violation is a partial answer. We do not understand why there are only three generations, but Nature insists on (just about) only three active neutrinos. But then the CP violation with three generations fall far short of what is needed to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We do not understand why most fermions are so light on the weak symmetry breaking scale (v. e. v. ), yet the third-generation top quark is a v. e. v. scale particle. We do not understand why quarks and leptons look so different, in particular, why neutrinos are rather close to being massless, but then have (at least two) near maximal mixing angles. We shall not, however, concern ourselves with the neutrino sector. It has a life of its own.
The Advanced Study Institute on Field Theoretical Methods in Particle Physics was held at the Universitat Kaiserslautern in Kaiserslautern, Germany, from August 13 to August 24, 1979. Twenty invited lectures and seminar-speakers and 100 other participants attended this Institute. The contributions of most of the lecturers and seminar-speakers are contained in this volume. The revival of field theory in elementary particle physics that started about ten years ago has influenced all branches of elementary particle physics from fundamental research to pure phenomenology. The selection of field theoretical methods in part icle physics appropriate for the Institute is therefore the first task for the organizers. We decided to have constructive problems of gauge field theories and solvable models as two major areas to be covered during the Institute. If one considers the concepts and terminology currently used by pure field theorists, one notices that many of them were introduced and discussed first by pheno menologists in comparing quite elementary models directly with experimental data. For this reason, it seemed worthwhile to re serve considerable time to phenomenological field theory. The Institute was sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization whose funds made the Institute possible. It was co sponsored by the Bundes-Ministerium fur Forschung und Technologie in Bonn and the Landes-Ministerium fUr Kultus in Mainz. The City of Kaiserslautern made the Theodor Zink Museum avail able for a reception. Thanks are due in particular to its director, Dr. Dunkel.
This highly-regarded text provides a comprehensive introduction to modern particle physics. Extensively rewritten and updated, this 4th edition includes developments in elementary particle physics, as well as its connections with cosmology and astrophysics. As in previous editions, the balance between experiment and theory is continually emphasised. The stress is on the phenomenological approach and basic theoretical concepts rather than rigorous mathematical detail. Short descriptions are given of some of the key experiments in the field, and how they have influenced our thinking. Although most of the material is presented in the context of the Standard Model of quarks and leptons, the shortcomings of this model and new physics beyond its compass (such as supersymmetry, neutrino mass and oscillations, GUTs and superstrings) are also discussed. The text includes many problems and a detailed and annotated further reading list.