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Abstract: Considerable research has been performed on NiAl over the last decade, with an exponential increase in effort occurring over the last few years. This is due to interest in this material for electronic, catalytic, coating, and especially high-temperature structural applications. This report uses this wealth of new information to develop a complete description of the properties and processing of NiAl and NiAl-based materials.
The attractive physical and mechanical properties of ordered intermetallic alloys have been recognized since early in this century. However, periodic attempts to develop intermetallics for structural applications were unsuc cessful, due in major part to the twin handicaps of inadequate low-temper ature ductility or toughness, together with poor elevated-temperature creep strength. The discovery, in 1979, by Aoki and Izumi in Japan that small additions of boron caused a dramatic improvement in the ductility of Ni3Al was a major factor in launching a new wave of fundamental and applied research on intermetallics. Another important factor was the issuance in 1984 of a National Materials Advisory Board reported entitled "Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys," which identified numerous potential defense-related applications and proposed the launching of a coordinated development program to gather engineering property and processing data. A substantial research effort on titanium aluminides was already underway at the Air Force Materials Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio and, with Air Force support, at several industrial and university laboratories. Smaller programs also were under way at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, under Department of Energy sponsorship. These research efforts were soon augmented in the United States by funding from Department of Defense agencies such as Office of Naval Research and Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and by the National Science Foundation.
The choice of a material for a certain application is made taking into account its properties. If, for example one would like to produce a table, a hard material is needed to guarantee the stability of the product, but the material should not be too hard so that manufacturing is still as easy as possible - in this simple example wood might be the material of choice. When coming to more advanced applications the required properties are becoming more complex and the manufacturer`s desire is to tailor the properties of the material to fit the needs. To let this dream come true, insights into the microstructure of materials is crucial to finally control the properties of the materials because the microstructure determines its properties. Written by leading scientists in the field of microstructural design of engineering materials, this book focuses on the evolution and behavior of granular microstructures of various advanced materials during plastic deformation and treatment at elevated temperatures. These topics provide essential background and practical information for materials scientists, metallurgists and solid state physicists.
From the Author's Preface The rapid advances in Materials Science and Engineering . . . have convinced many that the design, production and use of advanced materials will shape future manufacturing industries. Competitive advantage within entire industries is shaped by the quality of the materials available to the manufacturers; the early availability of a new material can be leveraged manyfold. In addition, advanced materials or advanced materials processing can signal the birth or death of entire industries, and access to higher quality and lower cost material has permitted some countries to obtain market dominance in several key industries. Much of the new strategy entails harnessing the potential of innovative technology, that is, going back to the nano and molecular states of materials and new, effective ways to create, process, and eventually use them. Rather than being concerned with a relatively small number of generic materials, each possessing a broad range of uses, the materials sector is increasingly concerned with tailoring a growing list of ever more specialized materials for narrow niche applications. New products with better growth prospects such as high-performance alloys, composites, laminates, and a variety of coatings have been emphasized. Materials firms also have sought ways to overcome the weaknesses of ceramics and fully exploit their formidable strengths. "Functional materials" that do more than support structures have been developed for use in sophisticated electronic, optical, magnetic, and biotech applications. This book will . . . show what materials will be available in the next decade or two, in addition to those currently available and their effect on material design, start-up, and production processes.
Intermetallic Matrix Composites: Properties and Applications is a comprehensive guide that studies the types and properties of intermetallic matrix composites, including their processing techniques, characterization and the various testing methods associated with these composites. In addition, it presents modeling techniques, their strengthening mechanisms and the important area of failure and repair. Advanced /complex IMCs are then explained, such as Self-healing IMCs and laminated intermetallic composites. The book concludes by delving into the industries that use these materials, including the automotive industry. - Reviews the latest research in intermetallic matrix composites - Contains a focus on properties and applications - Includes contributions from leading experts in the field
Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 5th International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation, NanoSPD5, held in Nanjing, China, on March 21-25, 2011
Ordered intermetallics constitute a unique class of metallic materials which may be developed as new-generation materials for structural use at high temperatures in hostile environments. At present, there is a worldwide interest in intermetallics, and extensive efforts have been devoted to intermetallic research and development in the U.S., Japan, European countries, and other nations. As a result, significant advances have been made in all areas of intermetallic research. This NATO Advanced Workshop on ordered intermetallics (1) reviews the recent progress, and (2) assesses the future direction of intermetallic research in the areas of electronic structure and phase stability, deformation and fracture, and high-temperature properties. The book is divided into six parts: (1) Electronic Structure and Phase Stability; (2) Deformation and Dislocation Structures; (3) Ductility and Fracture; (4) Kinetic Processes and Creep Behavior; (5) Research Programs and Highlights; and (6) Assessment of Current Research and Recommendation for Future Work. The first four parts review the recent advances in the three focus areas. The fifth part provides highlights of the intermetallic research under major programs and in different institutes and countries. The last part provides a forum for the discussion of research areas for future studies.