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Evolutionary developmental biology or evo-devo is a field of biological research that compares the underlying mechanisms of developmental processes in different organisms to infer the ancestral condition of these processes and elucidate how they have evolved. It addresses questions about the developmental bases of evolutionary changes and evolution of developmental processes. The book’s content is divided into three parts, the first of which discusses the theoretical background of evo-devo. The second part highlights new and emerging model organisms in the evo-devo field, while the third and last part explores the evo-devo approach in a broad comparative context. To the best of our knowledge, no other book combines these three evo-devo aspects: theoretical considerations, a comprehensive list of emerging model species, and comparative analyses of developmental processes. Given its scope, the book will offer readers a new perspective on the natural diversity of processes at work in cells and during the development of various animal groups, and expand the horizons of seasoned and young researchers alike.
This exceptional tome should find its way into the libraries of serious herpetologists, tropical biologists, and developmental biologists. Included in this book are- A molecular phylogeny of the family Hemiphractidae- A thorough osteological analysis- A review of external morphological features- An overview of the evolution of reproductive modes- A biogeographic synthesis- Keys to genera and species- Diagnosis and thorough description of each species of marsupial frog- Colored physiographic maps depicting species distributions
This book covers the major aspects of phylogeny and reproductive biology of frogs in chapters written by major authorities. Topics treated are: anuran phylogeny, classification and reproductive modes; gross anatomy of the reproductive system; oogenesis; endocrinology of reproduction; spermatogenesis and the mature spermatozoon; breeding glands; int
DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "The Genera of Phyllomedusine Frogs (Anura: Hylidae)" by William Edward Duellman. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.
The direct developer 'Eleutherodactylus coqui' lacks a free-living tadpole, hatching as a frog. The role of the metamorphic trigger thyroid hormone (TH) in direct development is unknown. Expression patterns of the TH receptors, TRÃ and TRß, which are thought to mediate metamorphosis, were examined to investigate the possibility of their involvement in direct development. Both TR transcripts were present in full-grown oocytes. TR levels in whole embryos were measured using RT-PCR. TRÃ expression was fairly constant throughout embryogenesis. TRß mRNA was barely detectable in early embryogenesis, but levels increased substantially by thyroid gland maturation, and transcripts were most abundant during late pre-hatching and early post-hatching stages. These expression profiles are similar to those of 'Xenopus' TRs. As in metamorphosing frogs, precocious TRß upregulation was induced by TH treatment, indicating that the molecular signals implicated in the control of metamorphosis have been retained in direct development. The necessity of TH for completion of direct development is demonstrated. Embryos treated with methimazole, a TH inhibitor, were developmentally arrested in a manner reminiscent of metamorphic inhibition in other frogs. Morphological effects were pleiotropic: remodelling of the jaw, limbs, tail, cartilage, musculature and skin were all affected. These remodelling events were contemporaneous with the period of high TRß expression. Development was rescued by co-treatment with TH; therefore, endogenous TH is necessary for production of the adult morphology even in direct developers. Recapitulation of the opercular fold, a larval structure previously thought absent from direct developers, is noted. Observation of the development and degeneration of this structure indicates the developmental stage during which the tadpole was likely excised from the ancestral life-history. Despite radical alterations to early embryogenesis, direct developers still undergo a metamorphic period. A new model for direct development is proposed, hypothesizing that the embryonic and metamorphic phases of the ancestral ontogeny are juxtaposed.
Providing a wealth of current and archival information This monograph is an exhaustive analysis of the biology of hemiphractid frogs, presenting results obtained over a 43-year period on 16 expeditions to Central and South America, Trinidad and Tobago and from several laboratories (Canada, Ecuador, Germany, and USA). The focus of this study is on chromosomes, but it also includes very detailed chapters on phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and especially on reproduction, oogenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. Further notable sections are devoted to developmental biology, life history and population declines in hemiphractids. The major proportion of this book describes the karyotypes of 397 individuals representing 23 hemiphractid species. All karyotypes are illustrated by superb photographs selected from many hundreds taken. Modern techniques of preparation including special staining, molecular probes, in situ hybridization, and genome size measurements were used to generate these data which are also interpreted in context with the cytogenetic data published for other amphibian taxa or vertebrates. Providing a wealth of current and archival information on hemiphractid biology and cytogenetics, this monograph is recommended for specialists in the fields of zoology, herpetology, embryology and cytogenetics, as well as for students with an interest in vertebrate cytogenetics.
Amphibians of North Africa is a comprehensive compilation of available data on the amphibians and reptiles found in various ecosystems across North West Africa and parts of the Mediterranean region. It is essential to identifying and understanding the ecological role of regional herpetofauna and its conservational importance. It examines the biological origins and diversity of amphibians in North Africa, along with their diverse ecosystems, including deserts, grasslands and subtropical forests. The book features detailed descriptions of the adult and larvae stages of species, such as the North African fire salamander, the common painted frog, Brongersma's toad and the Mediterranean tree frog. This book is a vital resource for herpetology and ecology students and researchers, helping them identify, understand and conserve these amphibians and reptiles in their various habitats across the North African and Mediterranean regions. Presents the only book on research and species recognition of North West African and Mediterranean amphibians and reptiles in all life phases Provides novel, iconographic material about little-known species Features helpful visuals, including ink-drawings, photographs of adult and larvae stages, habitat photographs and distributional maps
"Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis, but getting to the facts has been difficult. "Threatened Amphibians of the World" is a visual journey through the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of the world's 6,000 known species of frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians. All 1,900 species known to be threatened with extinction are covered, including a description of threats to each species and an evaluation of conservation measures in place or needed. Each entry includes a photograph or illustration of the species where available, a distribution map, and detailed information on range, population and habitat and ecology. Introductory chapters present a detailed analysis of the results, complemented by a series of short essays written by many of the world's leading herpetologists. Appendices include annoted lists of lower risk species and a country-by-country listing of threatened amphibians."--pub. desc.
Parental care includes a wide variety of traits that enhance offspring development and survival. This novel book provides a fresh perspective on the current state of the study of the evolution of parental care, written by some of the top researchers in the field, and taking a broad taxonomic approach.