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We review the systematics of the species of Gastrotheca (Anura: Hemiphractidae) in the highlands of the southern Ecuadorian Andes. We analyzed phylogenetic, morphological, ecological, and acoustic data from populations in the region. We provide an updated phylogenetic hypothesis inferred from a database that contains 42 species of Gastrotheca, and sequences from mitochondrial (12S, 16S, and ND1) and nuclear (POMC and RAG-1) genes. We describe four new endemic biphasic species for Ecuador (Gastrotheca cuencana, G. elicioi, G. turnerorum, and G. yacuri). In addition, we redefine G. lojana, recently resurrected from the synonymy of G. monticola, and redescribe G. litonedis. Furthermore, we describe the tadpoles and ontogenetic color changes in six species (G. cuencana, G. elicioi, G. litonedis, G. lojana, G. pseustes, and G. turnerorum). Also, we describe the calls of seven species (G. cuencana, G. elicioi, G. litonedis, G. lojana, G. pseustes, G. testudinea, and G. yacuri).
The first major synthesis of marsupial frogs, this book is the magnum opus of renowned herpetologist William E. Duellman. This scientific masterpiece reveals many aspects of the lives of marsupial frogs and closely allied genera. Native to Central and South America, these amphibians differ from other frogs in that they protect their eggs after oviposition by either adhering them to the female’s back or placing them in a specialized dorsal pouch (thus the common name, marsupial frog). During mating, the male typically collects the eggs from the female with his feet—often one at a time and always out of water—fertilizes them, and then tucks them into the female’s pouch or attaches them to her back. In some species these eggs hatch as tadpoles, but most emerge as miniatures of the adults. Even among the tadpoles there is remarkable divergence, with some behaving in the typical manner (feeding and metamorphosing), whereas others forego all feeding until they metamorphose. In Marsupial Frogs, William E. Duellman’s synthesis of all that is known about the unique family Hemiphractidae is largely based on decades of his own careful laboratory and field study. He reveals the diversity of exotic color patterns and the frogs' geographic distributions by providing more than 200 photographs, illustrations, and maps. This exceptional tome should find its way into the libraries of serious herpetologists, tropical biologists, and developmental biologists. Included in this book are • A molecular phylogeny of the family Hemiphractidae • A thorough osteological analysis • A review of external morphological features • An overview of the evolution of reproductive modes • A biogeographic synthesis • Keys to genera and species • Diagnosis and thorough description of each species of marsupial frog • Colored physiographic maps depicting species distributions
This book focuses on the evolution, biogeography, systematics, taxonomy, and ecology of New World and Australasian marsupials, greatly expanding the current knowledge base. There are roughly 140 species of New World marsupials, of which the opossum is the best known. Thanks to recent research, there is now an increasing amount of understanding about their evolution, biogeography, systematics, ecology, and conservation in the Americas, especially in South America. There are also some 270 marsupial species in the Australasian region, many of which have been subject to research only in recent years. Based on this information and the authors’ extensive research, this book provides comprehensive insights into the world's marsupials. It will appeal to academics and specialized researchers, students of zoology, paleontology, evolutionary biology, ecology, physiology and conservation as well as interested non-experts.
"Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis, but getting to the facts has been difficult. "Threatened Amphibians of the World" is a visual journey through the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of the world's 6,000 known species of frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians. All 1,900 species known to be threatened with extinction are covered, including a description of threats to each species and an evaluation of conservation measures in place or needed. Each entry includes a photograph or illustration of the species where available, a distribution map, and detailed information on range, population and habitat and ecology. Introductory chapters present a detailed analysis of the results, complemented by a series of short essays written by many of the world's leading herpetologists. Appendices include annoted lists of lower risk species and a country-by-country listing of threatened amphibians."--pub. desc.
This monograph presents a detailed review of the systematics of the species complex of Amazonian frogs Hypsiboas calcaratus – H. fasciatus. These frogs have a wide distribution in the Amazon basin and are a prominent component of scientific collections in the region. The review includes a phylogeny based on genetic evidence and also an integrative analysis of genetics, morphology and bioacoustics to determine species limits. The analysis indicates the existence of 11 candidate species, a five-fold in-crease relative to the current taxonomy. Four of the candidate species are described as new species and one is resurrected from a previous synonymy. The review is thoroughly illustrated with high-quality images. All multimedia elements (photographs and advertisement calls) are available at the FaunaWebEcuador web-site: http://zoologia.puce.edu.ec/Vertebrados/Vertebrata.aspx
Excerpt from A Systematic Review of the Marsupial Frogs (Hylidae, Gastrotheca) Of the Andes of Ecuador I have examined 1125 preserved frogs (including type speci mens of all taxa), 24 skeletons, and 50 lots of tadpoles referable to the species discussed in this paper, and I have studied each of the species in the field. Terminology follows that of Duellman except for two additional measurements: length of third finger is the distance from the proximal edge of the palmar tubercle to the tip of the finger; length of thumb is the distance from the proximal edge of the prepollical tubercle to the tip of the thumb. Through out the text, specimens are listed by their catalogue numbers pre ceded by the appropriate museum abbreviations, as follows. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.