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This report contains a review of the state of the art in photoinitiated polymerisation. The review is divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to a basic description of the different photoinitiation processes encountered. In the second part photopolymerisation reactions are presented and discussed. This review is published together with an indexed section containing bibliographic references and abstracts to the cited articles.
Photoinitiated Polymerization discusses the latest developments in photoinitiated polymerization. This book includes the current state of free radical, cationic, and based catalyzed photopolymerization and their applications.
Volume three deals specifically with the role of monomers and resins in radiation curing. The nature of the backbone of ologomers leads to the ultimate physical or chemical properties of the UV-cured material. This chapter also covers aspects of the chemistry of these compounds in relation to their end uses.
Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry-2 contains invited lectures presented at the Second IUPAC Symposium on Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry held at Leuven, Belgium on June 2-4, 1976. This book contains 11 papers separated as chapters. Topics include energy transfer processes; photoinitiation of polymerization; solid-state polymerization mechanisms; photoinduced ionic polymerizations; and photoconductive polymers. This text also discusses energy transfer phenomena in high polymer systems; laser spectroscopical methods for the study of primary processes during the photodegradation; photooxidation of high polymers; and reaction selectivity and molecular association in photochemical reactions of nucleic acids and their constituents. New developments in photochromic polymers and related phenomena, as well as the design of photoreactive polymer systems for imaging processes are also explained.
CONTENTS: Preface; Particle boards based on rice husk; Stabilisation of polymers with natural antioxidants; Mechanical performance of composites based on ethylene vinyl-acetate (eva) matrix with powdered in filler; Prediction of mechanical behaviour of hips/pp blends from solubility parameters; Bio-damages of materials. Adhesion of microorganisms on materials surface; Intensification of dust removal process of complex aerohydrodynamic research and the effectiveness of arresting dispersed particles for barbotage -- rotation; Application of a model based on consecutive reactions to polymer degradation; Transport of water as structurally sensitive process characterising morphology of biodegradable polymer systems; Retention Volumes of organic substances on the ester phases; Clay filled rigid polyurethane foams; Kinetics of bimolecular radicals decay in different polymeric matrixes; Mechanism of generation of stable nitrogen-containing radicals in the presence of nitrogen oxides; Hard and soft approaches to analysis of kinetic data; Free-radical mechanisms of formation of polysaccharides radiation destruction products; Generalisation of effects of solvent polymer interaction by means of linear multi-parametric equations; Index.
The term latex covers emulsion polymers, polymer dispersions and polymer colloids. This review report provides a general overview of the emulsion polymerisation processes and explains how the resulting latices are used in industrial applications. The classes of emulsion polymers are surveyed and the commercial technologies and potential future uses discussed. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Polymer Library gives useful references for further reading.
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Liquid crystals present an intermediate state of matter. In a liquid the molecules are in contact but are able to move past each other. In a crystal the molecules are not able to move past one another, they are incorporated in the cystalline lattice, giving the system a long-range order. In nematic liquid crystals, the molecules are arranged in such a way that their longitudinal axes are mutually parallel but they are easily able to move in the direction of their longitudinal axes. Thus, liquid properties like fluidity and viscosity as well as optic properties that are shown by crystals like the reflection of different colours depending on the viewing angle are observed simultaneously. The incorporation of photopolymerisable groups provides monomers for temperature independent polymerisation. After polymerisation in the LC phase and subsequent cooling, the molecular orientation within the system can be frozen in, thus, materials with special qualities can be obtained. These materials have direction-depending optical and mechanical properties consequently they represent an area of scientific interest and technological potential. In the present work three new mesogens, molecules with liquid crystalline behaviour in a determined temperature range were synthesized. They have the above illustrated structure. One of them is a direactive monomer for the creation of a threedimensional network. Due to their structure, the compounds show fluorescence and are suitable for new materials with application in electro-optical devices like LCDs. The present thesis describes the synthesis of the new mesogens and their characterisation with FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The influence of the molecular structure on the thermotropic properties is discussed and the liquid crystalline properties are examined by polarisation microscopy and DSC. Moreover, ways for obtaining and characterising orientated thin films are bescribed. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: Table of Abbreviations1 1.Introduction2 1.1Liquid Crystals: Structure and Properties2 1.2Classification of Liquid Crystals6 1.3Applications of Liquid Crystals8 1.4Liquid Crystalline Polymers and their Application11 1.5Luminescence13 1.6Aim and Scope of the present Thesis15 2.Results and Discussion17 2.1Synthetic pathways to the new LC fluorene derivatives17 2.2Structural Characterisation of the fluorene derivates20 2.3Differential Scanning Calorimetry27 2.4Polarisation [...]
The breadth of scientific and technological interests in the general topic of photochemistry is truly enormous and includes, for example, such diverse areas as microelectronics, atmospheric chemistry, organic synthesis, non-conventional photoimaging, photosynthesis, solar energy conversion, polymer technologies, and spectroscopy. This Specialist Periodical Report on Photochemistry aims to provide an annual review of photo-induced processes that have relevance to the above wide-ranging academic and commercial disciplines, and interests in chemistry, physics, biology and technology. In order to provide easy access to this vast and varied literature, each volume of Photochemistry comprises sections concerned with photophysical processes in condensed phases, organic aspects which are sub-divided by chromophore type, polymer photochemistry, and photochemical aspects of solar energy conversion. Volume 34 covers literature published from July 2001 to June 2002. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.
Electrophoresis is defined as the transport of electrically charged particles in a direct current electric field. Electrophoretic separation is based on differential rates of migration in the bulk of the liquid phase and is not concerned with reactions occurring at the electrodes. In the early days, electrophoresis was carried out either in free solution or in the supporting media such as paper, cellulose acetate, starch, agarose, and polyacry lamide gel. In between 1950 to 1970, an enumeration of techniques and instrumentation for Electrophoresis were developed. The present book contains few fundamentals on capillary electrophoresis and diverse application of electrophoresis in general. We hope this collection will entertain the readers who are interested in fundamental as well as applications of electrophoresis in general.