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Angeregt von Freunden und Kollegen, legte Ernst Cassirer 1944 im amerikanischen Exil mit dem Essay on Man eine komprimierte und zugleich überarbeitete Fassung seiner Kulturphilosophie vor, in der er die dreibändige Philosophie der symbolischen Formen in ihren Hauptgedanken fortführt. Dabei wird der wohl wichtigste Bestandteil der Cassirerschen Kulturphilosophie, die Idee der Humanität, thematisiert und zusammenfassend begründet. Mit Bezugnahme auf das komplexe und vielschichtige Gefüge von Sprache, Mythos, Religion, Kunst, Geschichte und Wissenschaft bestimmt Cassirer den Menschen als »animal symbolicum«, als ein Wesen, das Symbole schafft und sich durch Symbole verständigt. Dank seiner klaren, verständlichen Sprache und Argumentationsstruktur ermöglicht der »Essay on Man« nicht nur dem philosophischen Fachpublikum, sondern auch einem weiteren Kreis interessierter Leser den Zugang zu Cassirers Denken. Er darf somit als allgemeine Einführung in die Philosophie Cassirers verstanden werden. Inhalt: Part I. What is man? I. The Crisis in Man's Knowledge of Himself II. A Clue to the Nature of Man: the Symbol III. From Animal Reactions to Human Responses IV. The Human World of Space and Time V. Facts and Ideals Part II. Man and Culture VI. The Definition of Man in Terms of Human Culture VII. Myth and Religion VIII. Language IX. Art X. History XI. Science XII. Summary and Conclusion
This book brings together eleven contributions by authors from all parts of the world who have examined the notion of responsibility in their respective countries. In the first part Edith Sizoo presents a comparative analysis of those texts which reflect a rich variety of worldviews and traditions: harmony with the earth and relational ethics in the Maori culture of New Zealand, juridical approach in France, responsibility in Confucian thinking in China, individualism in the face of collective duty in the United States, duty and responsibility on the shores of the Congo, responsibility in Arab Islamic culture, encountering the sense of responsibility in Germany... This book thus presents an intercultural vision of responsibility that is all the more interesting because the final texts are the outcome of an intense dialogue between the authors. This exchange enhanced a more explicit expression of their respective points of view, thus making these more accessible to people from other cultural backgrounds.
viii choice and these include efforts to provide logical frameworks within which wecan make senseof these notions. This series will attempt to bring together work from allof these approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology in the belief that each has something to add to our understanding. The volumes of this series have emerged either from lectures given by an author while serving as an honorary visiting professor at The City Collegeof New York or from a conference sponsored by that institution. The City College Program in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology oversees and directs these lectures and conferences with the financial aid of the Association for Philosophy ofScience, Psychotherapy, and Ethics. MARTIN TAMNY RAPHAEL STERN TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITO RS' PR EFACE vii PR EFACE xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii I. NATUR E, CULTUR E, AND PERSONS 2. THE CONCEPT OF CONSCIOUSNESS 20 3. ANIMAL AND HUMAN MINDS 42 4 . ACTION AND CAUSALITY 64 5. PUZZLES ABOUT TH E CAUSAL EXPLANATION OF HUMAN ACTIONS 83 6. COGNITIVISM AND THE PROBLEM OF EXPLAINING HUMAN INTELLIGENCE 101 7. WITTGENSTEIN AND NATURAL LANGUAGES : AN ALTERNATIV E TO RATIONALIST AND EMPIRICIST THEO RIE S 133 INDEX 163 PREFACE I have tried to make a fresh beginning on the theory of cultural phenomena, largely from the perspectives of Anglo-American analytic philosophy.
This volume illustrates Melford Spiro's explorations of key relationships among culture, society, and human nature. He addresses such fundamental issues as the limitations of cultural relativism, the problem of explanation in the social sciences, and the importance of a comparative approach to the study of social and cultural systems. Spiro believes that deep motivational and cognitive structures underlie human behavior. He argues that these structures can be explained by the evolutionary history of our species and by social experience.
Angeregt von Freunden und Kollegen, legte Ernst Cassirer 1944 im amerikanischen Exil mit dem Essay on Man eine komprimierte und zugleich überarbeitete Fassung seiner Kulturphilosophie vor, in der er die dreibändige Philosophie der symbolischen Formen in ihren Hauptgedanken fortführt. Dabei wird der wohl wichtigste Bestandteil der Cassirerschen Kulturphilosophie, die Idee der Humanität, thematisiert und zusammenfassend begründet. Mit Bezugnahme auf das komplexe und vielschichtige Gefüge von Sprache, Mythos, Religion, Kunst, Geschichte und Wissenschaft bestimmt Cassirer den Menschen als "animal symbolicum", als ein Wesen, das Symbole schafft und sich durch Symbole verständigt. Dank seiner klaren, verständlichen Sprache und Argumentationsstruktur ermöglicht der "Essay on Man" nicht nur dem philosophischen Fachpublikum, sondern auch einem weiteren Kreis interessierter Leser den Zugang zu Cassirers Denken. Er darf somit als allgemeine Einführung in die Philosophie Cassirers verstanden werden. Inhalt: Part I. What is man? I. The Crisis in Man's Knowledge of Himself II. A Clue to the Nature of Man: the Symbol III. From Animal Reactions to Human Responses IV. The Human World of Space and Time V. Facts and Ideals Part II. Man and Culture VI. The Definition of Man in Terms of Human Culture VII. Myth and Religion VIII. Language IX. Art X. History XI. Science XII. Summary and Conclusion
The volume collects the contributions to an international conference held at the University of Frankfurt on the relationship between epistemic practices (culture of knowledge) and the concept of knowledge (ideal of knowledge) in Plato. For Plato, both aspects of knowledge were not only of equal importance, he was also well aware of their interdependence, taking into account that no philosopher has yet reached the epistemic level of knowledge. His acknowledgement of this interdependence is, as the papers of this volume show, further counter-evidence against the traditional reading that attributes to Plato a two-worlds-view which tries to keep ordinary belief and philosophical knowledge ontologically distinct. The contributions include essays from both ancient philosophers and ancient historians. Topics of the essays are e.g. the conception of education in the "Republic", the epistemic ascent in the "Symposion", the knowledge of knowledge in the "Charmides", the role of perception in the "Theaetetus" and the sophistic environment of Plato.
For the time being African philosophy is treated regularly in research and in teaching at two European scientific institutions: at the University of Vienna and at Erasmus University Rotterdam. In October 1993 there have been held two conferences of Western and African philosophers at both universities. Eleven African and nine Western scholars participated as speakers in these conferences. Four African speakers gave lectures at the Vienna and at the Rotterdam conference. The Vienna conference dealt with general questions of postcolonial philosophy in Africa. The conference at Rotterdam focused on the processes of democratization in African countries since 1989. This volume contains the papers of both conferences. En ce moment la philosophie Africaine est traité regulièrement dans les recherches et dans l'enseignement à deux instituts scientifiques Européens: à l'Université de Vienne et à l'Université Erasme de Rotterdam. En Octobre 1993 deux conférences de philosophes Occidentals et Africains ont été organisé aux deux universités. Onze savants Africans et neuf savants Occidentals ont participé à ces deux conférences. Quatre savants Africains ont présenté des communications à tous les deux conférences de Vienne et de Rotterdam. La conférence Viennoise s'occupait de questions générales de la philosophie postcoloniale en Afrique. La conférence de Rotterdam focusait aux procès de démocratisation dans des pays africains depuis 1989. Se trouvent en ce volume les contributions à les deux conférences.
"Leisure is an attitude of mind and a condition of the soul that fosters a capacity to perceive the reality of the world. With a series of philosophic, religious, and historical examples, Pieper shows that the Greeks understood and valued leisure, as did the medieval Europeans. He points out that religion can be born only in leisure -- a leisure that allows time for the contemplation of the nature of God. Leisure has been, and always will be, the first foundation of any culture."--Cover