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This book contains a remarkable overview of the current trends in string phenomenology, through the contributions of an international team of researchers who present their latest results. Dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Ian Kogan, this volume will fill a gap in the literature on a comprehensive overview of the subject.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: ? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings? (ISTP? / ISI Proceedings)? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)? CC Proceedings ? Engineering & Physical Sciences
Supersymmetry, supergravity and superstring are the most popular research topics in particle physics. In particular, the phenomenological studies beyond the standard model have become very popular in view of possible identification or exclusion of supersymmetric particles in the future. Also, the lightest supersymmetric particle in most supersymmetric models can be a good candidate for dark matter in the universe.The recent developments in supersymmetry with important applications to particle physics are the main theme of this book, which includes superstring calculations with D-branes, TeV-scale gravity, superstring- and supergravity-inspired interactions, supersymmetric GUT, supergravity phenomenology, and cosmological implications of LSP.
String phenomenology offers a bridge between the excitement and novelty that typified theoretical physics in recent years and experimental reality. The First International Conference on String Phenomenology concentrated on cosmological and phenomenologically oriented applications of string theory. The aim was to bring together experimental and theoretical physicists to discuss the triumphs and challenges that high energy physics faces in its attempt to uncover the next layers of fundamental matter and interactions. The main theme was the application of string theory, but the conference also accommodated alternative approaches to physics beyond the Standard Model. The conference featured plenary talks reviewing the major topics, as well as parallel sessions for contributed papers describing new results in the major areas of the conference. It covered diverse topics, from collider and neutrino physics to fibre bundles on Calabi-Yau three folds.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: ? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)
The remarkable recent discovery of the Higgs boson at the CERN Large Hadron Collider completed the Standard Model of particle physics and has paved the way for understanding the physics which may lie beyond it. String/M theory has emerged as a broad framework for describing a plethora of diverse physical systems, which includes condensed matter systems, gravitational systems as well as elementary particle physics interactions. If string/M theory is to be considered as a candidate theory of Nature, it must contain an effectively four-dimensional universe among its solutions that is indistinguishable from our own. In these solutions, the extra dimensions of string/M theory are “compactified” on tiny scales which are often comparable to the Planck length. String phenomenology is the branch of string/M theory that studies such solutions, relates their properties to data, and aims to answer many of the outstanding questions of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.This book contains perspectives on string phenomenology from some of the leading experts in the field. Contributions will range from pedagogical general overviews and perspectives to more technical reviews. We hope that the reader will get a sense of the significant progress that has been made in the field in recent years (e.g. in the topic of moduli stabilization) as well as the topics currently being researched, outstanding problems and some perspectives for the future.
In this thesis, the author describes the development of a software framework to systematically construct a particular class of weakly coupled free fermionic heterotic string models, dubbed gauge models. In their purest form, these models are maximally supersymmetric (N = 4), and thus only contain superpartners in their matter sector. This feature makes their systematic construction particularly efficient, and they are thus useful in their simplicity. The thesis first provides a brisk introduction to heterotic strings and the spin-structure construction of free fermionic models. Three systematic surveys are then presented, and it is conjectured that these surveys are exhaustive modulo redundancies. Finally, the author presents a collection of metaheuristic algorithms for searching the landscape for models with a user-specified spectrum of phenomenological properties, e.g. gauge group and number of spacetime supersymmetries. Such algorithms provide the groundwork for extended generic free fermionic surveys.
String theory offers the unique promise of unifying all the known forces innature. However, the internal consistency of the theory requires thatspacetimehave more than four dimensions. As a result, the extra dimensions must becompactified in some manner and how this compactification takes placeis critical for determining the low-energy physical predictions of thetheory. In this thesis we examine two distinct consequences of this fact. First, almost all of the prior research in string model-building hasexamined the consequences of compactifying on so-called à̀belian''orbifolds. However, the most general class of compactifications, namely those onnon-abelian orbifolds, remains almost completely unexplored. This thesisfocuses on the low-energy phenomenological consequences of compactifyingstrings on non-abelian orbifolds. One of the main interests in pursuingthese theories is that they can, in principle, naturally give rise tolow-energymodels which simultaneously have N=1 supersymmetry along with scalarparticles transforming in the adjoint of the gauge group. These features, which are exceedingly difficult to achieve through abelian orbifolds, are exciting because they are the key ingredients in understanding howgrand unification can emerge from string theory. Second, the need to compactify gives rise to a huge l̀̀andscape'' of possible resulting low-energy phenomenologies. One of the goals of the landscape program in string theory is then to extract information about the space of string vacua in the form of statistical correlations between phenomenological features that are otherwise uncorrelated in field theory. Such correlations would thus represent features of string theory that hold independently of a vacuum-selection principle. In this thesis, we study statistical correlations between two features which are likely to be central to any potential description of nature at high-energy scales: gauge symmetries and spacetime supersymmetry. We analyze correlations between these two kinds of symmetry within the context of perturbative heterotic string vacua, and find a number of striking features. We find, for example, that the degree of spacetime supersymmetry is strongly correlated with the probabilities of realizing certain gauge groups, with unbroken supersymmetry at the string scale tending to favor gauge-group factors with larger rank. We also find that nearly half of the heterotic landscape is nonsupersymmetric and yet tachyon-free at tree level; indeed, less than a quarter of the tree-level heterotic landscape exhibits any supersymmetry at all at the string scale.
In this volume a wide range of topics in particle physics, string theory and cosmology and their interconnections is covered.