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PGI Chandigarh Supplement Nov-2017
Part A Includes Questions from May 2017 to 2013 with explanations.Year-wise approach with New Layout and Design. All Recent Questions updated up to May 2017.Extensively Revised and Colored Edition.Answers updated with the most recent editions of standard textbooks (Harrison’s 19/e, Bailey & Love’s 26/e, CMDT 2017, Robbin’s 9/e, Park’s 24/e, Ganong’s 24/e, Harper’s 30/e, Maheshwari’s 5/e).Includes more than 500 Diagrams and Illustrations and all diagrams are completely redrawn for more effective understanding and learning.Part B2012 Questions with Explanations.2011–2008 Questions and Answers.More papers are added from Previous Year's exams.Extensively Revised and Colored Edition.Answers updated with the most recent editions of standard textbooks (Harrison’s 19/e, Bailey & Love’s 26/e, CMDT 2015, Robbin’s 9/e, Park’s 23/e, Ganong’s 24/e, Harper’s 30/e, Maheshwari’s 5/e).Includes more than 100 Diagrams and Illustrations and all diagrams are completely redrawn for more effective understanding and learning.
There has been a need for a comprehensive one-volume reference on the manufacture of meats and sausages at home. There are many cookbooks loaded with recipes which do not build any foundation for the serious hobbyist to follow. This leaves him with little understanding of the sausage making process and afraid to introduce his own ideas. There are professional books that are written for meat plant managers or graduate students, unfortunately, these works are written in such difficult technical terms, that most of them are beyond the comprehension of an average person. Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages bridges the gap that exists between highly technical textbooks and the requirements of the typical hobbyist. In order to simplify this gap to the absolute minimum, technical terms were substituted with their equivalent but simpler terms and many photographs, drawings and tables were included. The book covers topics such as curing and making brines, smoking meats and sausages, U.S. Standards, making fresh, smoked, emulsified, fermented and air dried products, making special sausages such as head cheeses, blood and liver sausages, low salt, low fat and Kosher products, hams, bacon, butts and loins, poultry, fish and game, creating your own recipes and much more... To get the reader started 172 recipes are provided which were chosen for their originality and historical value. They carry an enormous value as a study material and as a valuable resource on making meat products and sausages. Although recipes play an important role in these products, it is the process that ultimately decides the sausage quality. It is perfectly clear that the authors don't want the reader to copy the recipes only: "We want him to understand the sausage making process and we want him to create his own recipes. We want him to be the sausage maker."
The editors of this Special Issue titled “Intelligent Control in Energy Systems” have attempted to create a book containing original technical articles addressing various elements of intelligent control in energy systems. In response to our call for papers, we received 60 submissions. Of those submissions, 27 were published and 33 were rejected. In this book, we offer the 27 accepted technical articles as well as one editorial. Authors from 15 countries (China, Netherlands, Spain, Tunisia, United Sates of America, Korea, Brazil, Egypt, Denmark, Indonesia, Oman, Canada, Algeria, Mexico, and the Czech Republic) elaborate on several aspects of intelligent control in energy systems. The book covers a broad range of topics including fuzzy PID in automotive fuel cell and MPPT tracking, neural networks for fuel cell control and dynamic optimization of energy management, adaptive control on power systems, hierarchical Petri Nets in microgrid management, model predictive control for electric vehicle battery and frequency regulation in HVAC systems, deep learning for power consumption forecasting, decision trees for wind systems, risk analysis for demand side management, finite state automata for HVAC control, robust μ-synthesis for microgrids, and neuro-fuzzy systems in energy storage.
This reference provides a synthesis of the whole field of vascular biology, from the latest advances in the study of the structure and function of blood vessels to recent investigations of their interaction with blood cells, with non-cellular constituants of the blood, or with cells of the neighbouring tissue. The latest results from tumor angiogenesis to the latest advances in atherosclerosis research are discussed by leading experts in the field. Together with the CD-ROM this guarantees both researchers and clinicians quick and easy access to all relevant information.
Ionic transport in nanostructures at high eld strength has recently gained attention, because novel types of computer memory with potentially superior properties rely on such phenomena. The applied voltages are only moderate, but they drop over the distance of a few nanometers and lead to extreme eld strengths in the MV/cm region. Such strong elds contributes signi cantly to the activation energy for ionic jump processes. This leads to an exponential increase of transport speed with voltage. Conventional high-temperature ionic conduction, in contrast, only relies on thermal activation for such jumps. In this thesis, the transport of minute amounts of oxygen through a thin dielectric layer sandwiched between two thin conducting oxide electrodes was detected semiquantitatively by measuring the conductance change of the electrodes after applying a current through the dielectric layer. The relative conductance change G=G as a function of current I and duration t follows over several orders of magnitude a simple, empirical law of the form G=G = CIAtB with t parameters C, A and B; A;B 2 [0; 1]. This empirical law can be linked to a predicted exponential increase of the transport speed with voltage at high eld strength. The behavior in the time domain can be explained with a spectrum of relaxation processes, similar to the relaxation of dielectrics. The in uence of temperature on the transport is strong, but still much lower than expected. This contradicts a commonly used law for high- eld ionic transport. The di erent oxide layers are epitaxial with thicknesses between 5 and 70 nm. First large-scale test samples were fabricated using shadow masks. The general behavior of such devices was studied extensively. In an attempt to achieve quantitative results with defect-free, miniaturized devices, a lithographic manufacturing process that uses repeated steps of epitaxial deposition and structuring of the layers was developed. It employs newly developed and optimized wet chemical etching processes for the conducting electrodes. First high-quality devices could be manufactured with this process and con rmed that such devices su er less from parasitic e ects. The lithographically structured samples were made from di erent materials. The results from the rst test samples and the lithographically structured samples are therefore not directly comparable. They do exhibit however in principle the same behavior. Further investigation of such lithographically structured samples appears promising
This important new reference work offers an outstanding collection of articles devoted to the discussion of "intracellular messengers". Extracellular stimuli ("first messengers") bind to receptors on the plasma membrane of cells to trigger changes in the concentration of intracellular messengers ("second messengers") which leads, in turn, to changes in cellular activity. However, the intracellular activities of so called "third messengers" may also be involved complicating the concept of a rigid sequence of events between receptor and response. The preference for the term "intracellular messengers", and, hence, the title of this volume, recognizes that a complex web of interactions between intercellular messengers determines the concentrations and ultimate effects of each.