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There are several books emphasizing the mineralogical and petrological aspects of granites, but this book is the only one emphasizing the experimental aspects.
Granites (sensu lato) represent the dominant rock-type forming the upper–middle continental crust but their origin remains a matter of long-standing controversy. The granites may result from fractionation of mantle-derived basaltic magmas, or partial melting of different crustal protoliths at contrasting P–T conditions, either water-fluxed or fluid-absent. Consequently, many different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the compositional variability of granites ranging from whole igneous suites down to mineral scale. This book presents an overview of the state of the art, and envisages future avenues towards a better understanding of granite petrogenesis. Particular emphasis of this Volume is on the following topics: Compositional variability of granitic rocks generated in contrasting geodynamic settings during Proterozoic to Phanerozoic Periods, Main permissible mechanisms producing subduction-related granites, Crustal anatexis of different protoliths, and the role of water in granite petrogenesis, New theoretical and analytical tools available for modelling whole-rock geochemistry, in order to decipher the sources and evolution of granitic suites.
This special volume stems from a symposium 'Granitic Systems - State of the Art and Future Avenues' that was held at the Department of Geology, University of Helsinki to mark the retirement of Professor Ilmari Haapala. The twenty articles in the volume cover a wide range of granite-related topics and focus on three general themes: tectonics and source regions, petrologic processes, and fractionated granites and pegmatites. Both original papers and reviews are included, and the volume will be acknowledged by anyone with a background in Earth Sciences ad a flavor for granitoid rocks. * Comprehensive account of the current status of granite-oriented research * Topics ranging from mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry to tectonics and crustal evolution
In 1928 a new landmark in petrology appeared, with the publication of Bowen's "The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks." There has been an increasing need for a sequel, especially to take into account the developments and consequences of high pressure experimentation, as the gap between Bowen's book and modern experimental petrology grew apace. This volume treats selected areas in depth, and the authors have tried to follow Bowen in producing a perspective view of the subject, advances made, relating the experiments to geological observations, and avoiding as much unfamiliar terminology as possible. This book is a basic text in experimental petrology, intended for earth scientists from the undergraduate level onwards.
The study area extends from Phantom Creek to Crystal Creek, a distance of approximately 10 miles along the Colorado River. The units exposed are the Precambrian Vishnu Schist granitic to granodioritic units in Phantom Canyon, Trinity Canyon, and near Crystal Creek, and pegmatites and aplites. The Vishnu Schist is composed mostly of quartzo-feldspathic schists. The assemblage quartz-oligoclase-muscovite-biotite-sillimanite-K-feldspar indicates metamorphic conditions in the upper amphibolite facies between Phantom Creek and Mile 95. Between Mile 95 and Crystal Creek, assemblages indicate lower amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions. The Phantom Granitic Complex consists of granodioritic and quartz monzonitic units. The presence of a contact breccia, rotated xenoliths, and cross-cutting apophyses indicate the pluton is intrusive. The rocks cluster around the 3 kb cotectic in the Ab-Or-Qtz system which suggests a magmatic origin. The Trinity Gneiss is a homogeneous granodioritic gneiss. Intercalated layers of quartzite and schist and calc-silicate lenses support a meta-sedimentary origin. Chemical data suggest that the biotite-rich layers are meta-sedimentary but the granitic layers plot along cotectic troughs and may represent rhyolitic or rhyodacitic flows. The Crystal Creek Granite is a post-tectonic, epidoterich granitic rock. Field evidence suggest the pluton is intrusive. Quartz and schistose inclusions and the unusual mineralogical and chemical composition suggest the granite has been contaminated. Late low grade metamorphism has resulted in dominantly metamorphic textures. The Vishnu Schist has been cut by pegmatite and aplite dikes. Apophyses and cross-cutting relationships indicate the pegmatite/aplites are intrusive. Chemical data clusters around the cotectic minimums in the Ab-0r-Qtz-H20 system suggesting a magmatic source. Large crystals and quartz cores suggest the pegmatites are of hydrothermal origin.