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This book explores the regulation of pesticides in the European Union in order to reveal the complex, controversial, and contested nature of an assessment system proudly declared by the EU to be ‘the strictest in the world’. The current regulatory framework is based on Regulation 1107/2009, which substantially reformed the previous system. The analysis describes the new criteria and procedures for the authorization of active substances to be used in the production of pesticides, traces the lengthy policy formulation process, and identifies factors that made policy change possible. Further, the book illustrates the current controversies that characterise the implementation of Regulation 1107/2009: the ban of pesticides harmful to pollinators, the renewal of the authorization of glyphosate, and the definition of criteria for the assessment of endocrine disruption. The author provides information on policy outcomes and highlights persisting shortcomings in the enforcement of EU regulation. This book will appeal to students and scholars from a variety of disciplines, including political science, political sociology, and public policy.
Substances used to suppress, eradicate and prevent organisms that are considered harmful are grouped under the term ‘pesticide’. The term includes both plant protection products (used on plants in agriculture, horticulture, parks and gardens) and biocidal products (used in other applications, for example, as a disinfectant or to protect materials). Pesticides can be useful in a number of circumstances, for example, in overcoming diseases and increasing agricultural yields. However, they are not without their disadvantages - above all, their environmental impact, the risks that they pose to human health and their effects on crop protection. European Union pesticide legislation is designed to ensure a high level of protection for human health and the environment and to improve the functioning of the internal market. Plant production products and biocides are subject to a dual approval process: active substances are approved at EU level and products are subsequently authorised predominantly at Member State level. Furthermore, standardised maximum levels are set for the residues of plant protection products in food, and a framework for action is focused on sustainable pesticide use. A number of aspects of European Union policy on pesticides can be considered as either opportunities or challenges, in particular, issues surrounding costs for the industry, the approval process, and sustainability. The Commission is currently assessing the legislation on plant protection products and their residues. The conclusions of that study are expected by the end of 2018.
This article determines the contribution of recent European Union agricultural policy reforms on the use of pesticides. Our theoretical model extends the multioutput generalization of the Lichtenberg--Zilberman damage control technology model developed by Chambers and Lichtenberg. Our empirical analysis uses farm-level data for a sample of French farms. Results suggest that price effects on the use of pesticides are always more elastic than area payment effects. This indicates that policy reforms consisting of a reduction in price supports in favor of area payments, may reduce application of crop protection inputs. Such policy changes, which represent a certain degree of decoupling, took place under the 1992 Common Agricultural Policy reforms.
Dieser Band gehört zur bekannten Wiley-Reihe 'Current Toxicology Series' und befasst sich ausführlich mit der Pestizidtoxikologie. Untersucht werden Pestizide nach Gruppen (z. B. Insektizide und Fungizide), ihre Rückstände in Lebensmitteln sowie die Metabolisierung von Pestiziden. Darüber hinaus werden berufsbezogene Aspekte und die Behandlung von Vergiftungserscheinungen umfassend diskutiert. "Pesticide Toxicology" ist das erste einbändige Werk zum Thema Pestizide, das spezialisierte und dennoch umfassende Informationen sowohl für Experten als auch für Doktoranden bereit hält. Herausgeber Timothy Marrs ist ein international anerkannter Experte in der Pestizidforschung und genießt großes Ansehen auf dem Gebiet der Toxikologie. Geschrieben wurde der Band von einem Team international renommierterToxikologen.
Agriculture, forestry and fi shery statistics provides a selection of recent, topical data. Information is presented for the European Union (EU) and its Member States, and is supplemented (when available) with data for the United Kingdom, EFTA members, candidate countries to the EU and potential candidates. This publication aims to cover some of the most popular data within the domain of agriculture, forestry and fi shery statistics as well as some of the wider food chain. It may be viewed as an introduction to European statistics in this area and provides a starting point for those who wish to explore the broad range of data that are freely available on Eurostat's website.
Today, forest health and the management of threats towards it are attracting more and more attention on a global scale. This book covers the most recent advances in the management of forest diseases, including the epidemiology and infection biology of forest pathogens, and forest protection based on integrated pest and disease management approaches. A comprehensive range of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and other organisms are discussed in detail, making this book essential reading for forest managers and extension specialists. Written by recognized authorities in the subject of forest health, this book also provides a wealth of information useful for researchers and lecturers of forest pathology and ecology.