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Piyyut and Pesah: Poetry and Passover is an examination of Passover laws found in medieval Hebrew liturgical poetry. While Hebrew liturgical poetry ("Piyyut") serves a variety of functions as a linguistic art form, the genre is not usually thought of as a vehicle for disseminating law ("Halakha"). This study examines five piyyutim, each from a different locale, which contain laws relating to Passover. It compares and contrasts the laws found in each piece and notes that they differ from each other and, in several cases, from normative Halakha. It suggests that such variants are traceable to certain economic, sociological, legal, or other factors unique to a particular time and place and attempts to identify some of those factors.
A Scripture Index to Rabbinic Literature is a comprehensive Scripture index that catalogs approximately 90,000 references to the Bible found in classical rabbinic literature. This literature comprises two categories: (1) Talmudic literature (i.e., the Mishnah and related works) and (2) midrashic literature (i.e., biblical commentary). Each rabbinic reference includes a hard citation following SBL Handbook of Style, the page number where the reference can be found in a standard English edition, and an indication of whether the biblical reference is a direct citation, allusion, or editorial reference. This incredibly handy reference work is the first of its kind and is a welcome addition to Hendrickson's well-crafted line of reference books. Key points and features: A comprehensive Scripture index to classical rabbinic literature in EnglishIncludes references to the Mishnah, the Tosefta, the Jerusalem Talmud, and the Babylonian Talmud, as well as the Mekilta, Midrash Rabbah, Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer, and many moreApproximately 90,000 references include a hard citation, a page number in a standard English edition, and an indication of whether the biblical reference is a direct citation, allusion, or editorial referenceSaves researchers large amounts of time and energy by bringing together a vast amount of data that was previously located across many disparate resources.
Volume XII of the highly respected Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament expands the scope of this fundamental reference tool for biblical studies. Ranging from pāsah, pesah ("Passover") to qûm ("stand, rise"), these eighty-six articles include thorough etymological analysis of the Hebrew roots and their derivatives within the context of Semitic and cognate languages, diachronically considered, as well as Septuagint, New Testament, and extracanonical usages. Among the articles of primary theological importance included in Volume XII are these: par'ōh ("Pharoah"), pāsa, pesa; ("sin, offense, crime"), sebāôt ("Sabaoth"), sādaq, sedeq, sedāqâ ("[be] righteous, righteousness"), qds, aōdes ("holy"), and qāhāl ("congregation"). Each article is fully annotated and contains an extensive bibliography with cross-references to the entire series.
"Women at the Seder is a traditional "Passover Haggadah whose commentary celebrates of one of the great transformations of the Torah community during this past century: the emergence of women from the privacy of their home "tents" to the public arena of the synagogue and Torah study halls, without abandoning in any way their central traditional role as the cornerstone of the home and family. The Rabbis had long ago acknowledged that it was in the merit of our righteous women that Israel was redeemed from slavery. The Passover "seder--the home celebration of our national liberation--is an appropriate place to acknowledge and honor women's expanded role in our public as well as private religious life. The commentary includes rabbinic comments on women associated with the Exodus, a discussion of those relevant aspects of Jewish law that apply to women, and homilies--"divrei Torah by women for the "seder, many written especially for this volume. In a generation, it should seem quaint that it was noteworthy that women's "divrei Torah constituted a significant part of a Haggadah commentary. That will be cause for yet additional rejoicing, as women's contributions on all levels of Torah scholarship will have become even more commonplace.
The festival calendars in the Pentateuch have made up the heart of critical biblical research from the beginning. Each of the calendars was thought to have taken shape against its own specific historical background and to accurately reflect a distinct stage in the development of Israel's cultic and social institutions. Classical hypotheses used them to distinguish the different legal codes in the Pentateuch from each other, to define the original compositions, and to arrange them relative to each other in an historical, chronological sequence. Shimon Gesundheit challenges the classical historical reconstructions and the methodology driving them. He presents an alternate point of view, according to which the festival laws do not simplistically reflect the specific cultic or social realities of actual historical periods. Rather, through their legal discourse, they shape and promote new ideas by textual revision and redaction, in the lemmatic style of midrash, and they represent a process of progressive literary development.
The study assesses the main issues in the current debate about the early history of Pesach and Easter and provides new insights into the development of these two festivals. The author argues that the prescriptions of Exodus 12 provide the celebration of the Pesach in Jerusalem with an etiological background in order to connect the pilgrim festival with the story of the Exodus. The thesis that the Christian Easter evolved as a festival against a Jewish form of celebrating Pesach in the second century and that the development of Easter Sunday is dependent upon this custom is endorsed by the author’s close study of relevant texts such as the Haggada of Pesach; the “Poem of the four nights” in the Palestinian Targum Tradition; the structure of the Easter vigil.