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This volume focuses on the issues and debates surrounding the agricultural export economy of Central America. Perspectives on traditional exports and the international markets, and labour problems are provided as well as a comparative study of the Salvadorean and Nicaraguan cotton sectors.
This book presents the intellectual production of the first phase of the Cooperative Research Project on Agricultural Technology in Latin America (PROTAAL) and the most relevant papers presented by invitees at a meeting held in San Jose, Costa Rica in September 1981.
Globalization and Development draws upon the experiences of the Latin American and Caribbean region to provide a multidimensional assessment of the globalization process from the perspective of developing countries. Based on a study by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), this book gives a historical overview of economic development in the region and presents both an economic and noneconomic agenda that addresses disparity, respects diversity, and fosters complementarity among regional, national, and international institutions. For orders originating outside of North America, please visit the World Bank website for a list of distributors and geographic discounts at http://publications.worldbank.org/howtoorder or e-mail [email protected].
Analysis of Latin America's economy focusing on development, covering the colonial roots of inequality, boom and bust cycles, labor markets, and fiscal and monetary policy. Latin America is richly endowed with natural resources, fertile land, and vibrant cultures. Yet the region remains much poorer than its neighbors to the north. Most Latin American countries have not achieved standards of living and stable institutions comparable to those found in developed countries, have experienced repeated boom-bust cycles, and remain heavily reliant on primary commodities. This book studies the historical roots of Latin America's contemporary economic and social development, focusing on poverty and income inequality dating back to colonial times. It addresses today's legacies of the market-friendly reforms that took hold in the 1980s and 1990s by examining successful stabilizations and homemade monetary and fiscal institutional reforms. It offers a detailed analysis of trade and financial liberalization, twenty–first century-growth, and the decline in poverty and income inequality. Finally, the book offers an overall analysis of inclusive growth policies for development—including gender issues and the informal sector—and the challenges that lie ahead for the region, with special attention to pressing demands by the vibrant and vocal middle class, youth unemployment, and indigenous populations.
In this book Victor Bulmer-Thomas uses his previously unpublished estimates of the national accounts to explore economic and social development in the five Central American republics from 1920. He examines in detail variations in economic policy between countries which help to account for differences in performance. The major political developments are woven into the analysis and linked to changes in internal and external conditions. Growth under liberal oligarchic rule in the 1920s, heavily dependent on exports of coffee and bananas, was accompanied by modest reform programmes. The 1929 depression, which hit the region hard, undermined most of the reforms and ushered in a period of dictatorial rule in all republics except Costa Rica. The Second World War, particularly after the entry of the United States, at first strengthened the dictatorships, but ultimately produced challenges to rule by authoritarian caudillos. The social upheavals accompanying the post-war export-led boom forced governments in each republic to address the question of economic, social and political reform.
The author challenges the traditional manner in which regionalization has been approached and suggests that the failure to come to grips with this phenomenon is the result of the modernist regulation of space to margins of analysis. He advances instead a spatially orientated approach which views states as one of multiple layers of a global social space. Regionalization represents the construction of new layers in an effort to search for an institutional fix to the challenges of globalization.
Based on comprehensive empirical studies, the paper identifies key reforms and defines strategies to enhance the competitiveness of cotton sectors in West and Central Africa. The report uses industrial organization principles to compare privatization options and design reforms to best implement sector reforms scheme
El Salvador is a small developing country that has undergone important processes of agrarian change and suffered the consequences of a 12-year civil war which ended with a peace agreement in the 1990s. Economic reforms have given insufficient weight to history, institutions and politics. This book will show that to improve their efficiency, there is a need to consider how both economic and political variables have affected social structures and institutions. To be sustainable reforms should aim at an appropriate balance between growth and distribution. The outcomes of this research question some commonly accepted theses on agrarian transformation, state autonomy and the role of economic policy and foreign intervention in El Salvador and Central America in general.