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PERSONNEL SECURITY CLEARANCE: Actions Needed to Help Ensure Correct Designations of National Security Positions
" Personnel security clearances allow individuals access to classified information that, through unauthorized disclosure, can in some cases cause exceptionally grave damage to U.S. national security. A sound requirements process to determine whether a national security position requires access to classified information is needed to safeguard classified data and manage costs. The DNI reported that more than 4.9 million federal government and contractor employees held or were eligible to hold a security clearance in 2012. GAO has reported that the federal government spent over $1 billion to conduct background investigations (in support of security clearances and suitability determinations-the consideration of character and conduct for federal employment) in fiscal year 2011. This testimony addresses policies and procedures executive branch agencies use when (1) first determining whether federal civilian positions require a security clearance and (2) periodically reviewing and revising or validating existing federal civilian position security clearance requirements. This testimony is based on a July 2012 GAO report (GAO-12-800), in which GAO (1) reviewed relevant federal guidance and processes, (2) examined agency personnel security clearance policies, (3) obtained and analyzed an OPM tool used for position designation, and (4) met with officials from ODNI and OPM because of their Directors' assigned roles as Security and Suitability Executive Agents."
In light of delays in completing security clearance background investigations and adjudicative decisions, as well as a significant backlog of clearances to be processed, Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), which set objectives and established requirements for improving the personnel security clearance process, including improving the timeliness of the clearance process, achieving interagency reciprocity, establishing an integrated database to track investigative and adjudicative information, and evaluating available technology for investigations and adjudications.
" Recently the DNI reported that more than 5.1 million federal government and contractor employees held or were eligible to hold a security clearance. GAO has reported that the federal government spent over $1 billion to conduct background investigations (in support of security clearances and suitability determinations for federal employment) in fiscal year 2011. A high quality process is essential to minimize the risks of unauthorized disclosures of classified information and to help ensure that information about individuals with criminal activity or other questionable behavior is identified and assessed as part of the process for granting or retaining clearances. This statement addresses (1) a general overview of the security clearance process; (2) what is known about the quality of investigations and adjudications, which are the determinations made by executive branch agency officials to grant or reject clearance requests based on investigations; and (3) the extent of reciprocity, which is the decision of agencies to honor clearances previously granted by other agencies. This statement is based on GAO work issued from 2008 to 2013 on DOD's personnel security clearance program and government-wide suitability and security clearance reform efforts. As part of that work, GAO (1) reviewed relevant statutes, federal guidance, and processes, (2) examined agency"
Statement of Brenda S. Farrell, Dir., Defense Capabilities and Mngt., GAO. Recently the Dir. of Nat. Intelligence (DNI) reported that more than 5.1 million federal government and contractor employees held or were eligible to hold a security clearance. The federal government spent over $1 billion to conduct background investigations (in support of security clearances and suitability determinations for federal employment) in FY 2011. A high quality process is essential to minimize the risks of unauthorized disclosures of classified information and to help ensure that information about individuals with criminal activity or other questionable behavior is identified and assessed. This statement addresses (1) the security clearance process; (2) what is known about the quality of investigations and adjudications; and (3) the extent of reciprocity, which is the decision of agencies to honor clearances previously granted by other agencies. Figure. This is a print on demand report.