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The Commission's report examines the market for personal current account (PCA) banking services in Northern Ireland, following on from a supercomplaint made by Which? and by General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland under the Enterprise Act 2002. This provisional report finds that banks have unduly complex charging structures and practices which are not sufficiently explained, and customers generally do not actively search for alternative PCAs or switch provider. It concludes that, despite significant changes in recent years, without effective remedial action the market as a whole will remain uncompetitive.
Competition Law and Policy in the EU and UK provides a focused guide to the main provisions and policies at issue in the UK and EU, including topics such as anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominance, mergers and Brexit. The book’s contents are tailored to cover all major topics in competition law teaching, and the authors’ clear and accessible writing style offers an engaging and easy-to-follow overview of the subject for course use. The sixth edition provides a full update for this well-established title and takes recent developments into account, including those in the case law surrounding the concept of ‘object’ agreements under Art 101 TFEU, the concept of abuse under Art 102 TFEU, the treatment of online multi-sided platform markets, and the development of private enforcement. Chapters focus on the substantive laws of the UK and EU and demonstrate how competition law affects business including co-ordinated action, pricing behaviour, takeovers and mergers. Information is presented within a structured framework, complete with discussion of the UK enforcement structures following the UK’s withdrawal from the EU. The book includes a wealth of pedagogical features, including chapter overviews and summaries, discussion questions and further reading. Clear, focused and student-friendly, this book offers a comprehensive resource for students taking competition law courses and will be of interest to postgraduate students and legal professionals looking for an introduction to the topic.
Economics for Competition Lawyers provides a comprehensive explanation of the economic principles most relevant for competition law. Written specifically for competition lawyers, it uses real-world examples, is non-technical, and explains the key points from first principles.
Additional written evidence is contained in volume 3, available on the Commons website at www.parliament.uk/treascom
Personal carbon trading is rapidly moving up the political agenda as recognition grows of its potential to address urgent issues of climate change and natural resource use. Under personal carbon trading schemes a carbon allowance would be allocated to each individual, to be used and traded in the same way as in national and international carbon trading schemes. This volume presents the latest research on personal carbon trading at different scales - from the effects on the individual, communities and organisations, to its place in national, EU (including the EU ETS) and global policy landscapes. It presents key research on the economic and policy barriers and implications, and will be essential reading for anyone involved in emissions trading research or policymaking.
The authors describes the potential scope and application of the various legal provisions which regulate competition in the UK. This book also examines the results of the convergence of UK and EC law with regard to competition in business.
Increased concentration and rising market power require new rules. Market investigations are necessary to complement existing regulations.
From the reckless high-risk attitude of many banks pre-financial crisis, the pendulum appears to have swung too far back in the opposite direction. Over the past year, the Northern Ireland economy has shown very welcome signs of recovery, with many new jobs recently being announced and the banks themselves showing a return to profitability. The banks need to build on this. It is regrettable that banks such as FTB and Danske, have chosen not to participate in HM Government's Funding for Lending Scheme, thereby potentially denying Northern Ireland further capacity for growth. The banks have assured us they are "open for business": it is essential that they now put their money where their mouth is to help small businesses play their part in Northern Ireland's economic recovery. Customer service and IT services need to improve considerably for banks themselves to really play their part
The Independent Commission on Banking's final recommendations aim to create a more stable and competitive basis for UK banking for the long term. The result would be a banking system that is much less likely to cause, or succumb to, financial crises and the huge costs they bring; is self-reliant, so that the taxpayer does not have to bear the losses that banks make; and is effective and efficient at providing the basic banking services of safeguarding retail deposits, operating secure payments systems, and efficiently channelling savings to productive investments in the economy. Stability is crucial and UK banks should have more equity capital and loss-absorbing debt - beyond what has so far been internationally agreed - and their retail banking activities should be structurally separated, by a ring-fence, from wholesale and investment banking activities. The Commission also address competition, which has not been properly effective in UK retail banking. They recommend a seamless switching system based on redirection for personal and small business current accounts, free of cost and risk, complemented by measures to enhance transparency. The new Financial Conduct Authority should have a clear duty to promote effective competition. Structural reform should be complete by the Basel implementation date of 2019 at the latest. These reforms would result in better-capitalised, less leveraged banking more focused on the needs of savers and borrowers in the domestic economy. At the same time UK banks would be free to flourish in global markets, but without UK taxpayer support.