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This collection examines the theory, practice, and application of state neutrality in international relations. With a focus on its modern-day applications, the studies in this volume analyze the global implications of permanent neutrality for Taiwan, Russia, Ukraine, the European Union, and the United States. Exploring permanent neutrality’s role as a realist security model capable of rivaling collective security, the authors argue that permanent neutrality has the potential to decrease major security dilemmas on the global stage.
Aside from self-defence, a UN Security Council authorisation under Chapter VII is the only exception to the prohibition on the use of force. Authorisation of the use of force requires the Security Council to first determine whether that situation constitutes a ‘threat to the peace’ under Article 39. The Charter has long been interpreted as placing few bounds around how the Security Council arrives at such determinations. As such commentators have argued that the phrase ‘threat to the peace’ is undefinable in nature and lacking in consistency. Through a critical discourse analysis of the justificatory discourse of the P5 surrounding individual decisions relating to ‘threat to the peace’ (found in the meeting transcripts), this book demonstrates that each P5 member has a consistent definition and understanding of what constitutes a ‘threat to the peace’.
"Another book about happiness?" What does this one have to say that we all have not heard before? And is happiness really an achievable state of being? We never stop craving happiness. It is the world's most sought-after feeling and emotion. As we wake up each morning, we do so hoping to find happiness in all that we experience, whether we are consciously aware of this desire or not. We do, of course, find happiness at different points and phases in our lives. The problem is, this situational happiness tends to be short lived. We are happy for a few days and then fall back into anxiety, sadness, and/or worry. Permanent Happiness outlines three easy steps to pursuing permanent happiness. It tackles key life situations we encounter during our daily living and shows how to pursue peace and be positive influencers on those around us. When our lives are in balance, we discover we let go of the stress and worry that arise when life throws us curveballs. Get ready to be challenged and inspired. More importantly, get ready to learn about and understand permanent happiness and peace from a different perspective!
Introduction The basic obligations of a state towards its nation(s) are to provide Justice, control of powers - of organizations or individuals - peace, advancement of understanding - including science - and economy. Freedom, although essential, is secondary and a consequence of justice and control of powers. Since its creation in 1948, Israel under Zionism - Jewish Nationalism by reliance on international power(s) - has become a state of “abuse of powers, inherited from world powers”, a “place of anti-humanity acts, against the humane formal principles that it was founded on”, and a prophet of “transfer - forced migration - of the nations who helped its people to be transferred” in the region. In short, an inconsistency in the consistent humanity that arose from that region. There is a new enlightenment in the world, however, due to post era realities of the events: “end of the cold war”, “fall of the Soviet Union”, “Christian revolution in Poland”, “Islamic revolution in Iran”, “uprisings in Islamic world such as Intifada - uprising of Palestinians - and rise of Al-Qaeda”, “defeat of Israel by Hesbollah in Lebanon” and “re-evaluation of South-American and African countries of their political and economical situations”, on one hand, and “catastrophes of war in Iraq and the military assault on Gaza Strip” on the other hand. Based on this enlightenment, the people of the world adhere to: (i) Demand for maintaining the holy land - land of prophets - as a sacred region for all three great religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam that have deep historical roots in the region, by reliance on their practical objectives - which are peace and justice for mankind - and not on their subjective theological Ideas - due to interpretations which may be wrong, or unacceptable to the majority of the faithful - for unification of humanity, to promote peace and humanity justice around the world dominated by these three religions, on one hand, and to prevent disastrous events such as crusade wars or dominance by world powers such as Roman Empire, on the other hand; (ii) Remove the “threat to the world peace” and the “strategy of human transfer” in the Middle East, created by the dominant secular Zionist Ideology that exploits Judaism and Christianity under the unfounded theology of Dispensationalism of John Nelson Darby - devised before 1917 in Great Britain and presumed to be a basis for the Balfour declaration in 1917; (iii) Speak in a unified religious basis that the problem of Palestinian and Israelis can not be solved by ignoring the atrocities of Israeli government towards people of Palestine - by killing them purposefully as a result of strategy of transfer, looking at them inhumanely, and using the historic anti-humanity tactics of the king Herod (around 18 BCE) who killed and enslaved even Jews for the abuse of Roman Empire, against them - and instead obligate it to choose the humane tactics of Moses; And on the spectrum of power, require the United States - as a Christian Country - to choose between Roman Empire Ideas and the Jesus’ Ideas of humanity in its foreign policies. The rights of Palestinians in all aspects should be realized as justice suggests, and not as the power imposes. It is time for the people of the world to re-negotiate the establishment of Israel, on the basis of the principles promised to the nations of the world in 1947 and 1948. In this re- negotiation, the major goal must be the creation of a political system in the present state of Israel that guarantees independence of nations, equal rights of all nations, peace and humanity justice between the nations, and ends the suffering of people of Palestine by abusive power of Zionists. This book - based on the beliefs of it’s author in a humane and just way to resolve the conflict in the Middle East - suggests a bi-national Federal system for a state consisting of nations of Palestinians - Moslem or Christians - and Jews, under provision
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