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This book provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive view on the resolution of inflammation and on new developments in this area, including pro-resolution mediators, apoptosis, macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, possible novel drug developments.
Kinanthropometrics is the study of the human body size and somatotypes and their quantitative relationships with exercise and nutrition. This is the second edition of a successful text on the subject.
The purpose of the studies was to evaluate practical measures for testing recovery status in the field setting with non-invasive variables of knee flexion range of motion (ROM), landing error scoring system performance (LESS), Rectus femoris cross-sectional area (CSA), thigh circumference (circumference), and heart rate variability (lnRMSSD). All of the studies required participants to complete the respective dependent variables, and then all studies completed the same performance battery, consisting of vertical jump (VJheight), isometric quadriceps strength (ISO), and time-to-peak isometric quadriceps strength (ISOTTP). The same exhaustive exercise was utilized in all three studies and incorporated broad jumps and a timed running course. Participants were then measured again for the dependent variables and performance measures following the exercise protocol, and then returned at 24, 48, and 72-hours for follow-up testing. Study 1 analyzed the knee flexion ROM and LESS; Study 2 analyzed Rectus femoris CSA and thigh circumference at 15 cm proximal to the superior pole of the patella; and Study 3 analyzed the correlations between lnRMSSD and CSA. Study 1: The pre-exercise values for ROM were related to 8́6VJheight 24, 8́6ISO24, 8́6VJheight 48, and 8́6ISO48. Pre-exercise LESS were related to 8́6ISO24 and 8́6ISO48. Study II: There were no significant relationships between the changes in CSA, circumference, and the performance variables over 72-hours. Study III: Changes in lnRMSSD and CSA were largely related immediately following the exercise protocol from baseline, and between baseline and 24-hour follow-up. In conclusion, knee flexion ROM and LESS can be used to predict the return of performance measures towards baseline following an exhaustive bout of exercise, but that the changes in Rectus femoris CSA and thigh circumference were not good indicators of recovery. However, there were large correlations between changes in lnRMSSD and changes in CSA immediately following exercise and at 24-hour follow-up, illustrating that lnRMSSD can detect both global and localized physiological responses following an exhaustive exercise bout. ROM and LESS may be appropriate for predicting the responses in performance measures, and lnRMSSD is sensitive to both global and localized perturbations to homeostasis following exhaustive exercise.
The desire to improve muscle function and prevent overuse injuries from exercise and throughout training has led to the development of various methods to aid recovery and track readiness to perform. Ergogenic aids such as cold-water immersion, massage, and dynamic recovery procedures may have positive effects but the results of the related research remain equivocal. Furthermore, novel interventions in this scenario, like compression garments, ice vests, and photobiomodulation therapy are promising but need more evidence-based data to support their effectiveness. Similarly, to properly monitor individual physical conditioning, there is a growing interest toward unobtrusive measures to accurately represent physiological status during and/or after exercise. There are several techniques being used, such as subjective ratings of well-being, heart rate monitoring, hormonal and hematological profile assessments. However, more sensitive indexes like heart rate variability and muscle activation (voluntary and/or involuntary) are arising as attractive alternatives that may delineate physical conditioning status and readiness to perform more precisely than the aforementioned measures. The purpose of this Research Topic is to critically evaluate and summarize recent data from observational and intervention studies related to non-invasive methods designed to promote recovery and objectively monitor training status. Their association to physical performance and physiological recovery in athletes during training and competition is a major focus of this Topic.
Recovery for Performance in Sport encompasses the latest scientific research in the study of recovery and draws from the experience of applied sport scientists working with elite athletes in leading performance and recovery centers around the globe.
This book presents recent research addressing the effects of different types of compression clothing on sport performance and recovery after exercise. It is also the first book that summarizes the effects of compression clothing on all main motor abilities in the context of various sports, offering a wealth of practical guidelines on how to optimize performance and recovery with the help of compression clothing. The book examines the effects of this clothing on physiological, psychological and biomechanical parameters including endurance, speed, strength, power, and motor control. It explains the basic principles involved in the reasonable application of compression garments in connection with different kinds of exercise, and describes the essential mechanisms of how compression garments work in a reader-friendly format that addresses the needs of researchers, athletes and coaches alike.
Exercise immunology is an important, emerging sub-discipline within exercise physiology, concerned with the relationship between exercise, immune function and infection risk. This book offers a comprehensive, up-to-date and evidence-based introduction to exercise immunology, including the physiological and molecular mechanisms that determine immune function and the implications for health and performance in sport and everyday life. Written by a team of leading exercise physiologists, the book describes the characteristics of the immune system and how its components are organised to form an immune response. It explains the physiological basis of the relationship between stress, physical activity, immune function and infection risk, and identifies the ways in which exercise and nutrition interact with immune function in athletes and non-athletes. The book shows students how to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the evidence linking physical activity, immune system integrity and health, and explains why exercise is associated with anti-inflammatory effects that are potentially beneficial to long-term health. Every chapter includes useful features, such as clear summaries, definitions of key terms, discussions of seminal research studies and practical guidelines for athletes on ways to minimise infection risk, with additional learning resources available on a companion website. This is an essential textbook for any course on exercise immunology or advanced exercise physiology.
This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. Designed to help readers understand and evaluate the relationship between exercise, immune function and infection risk, this book presents evidence for the "J-shaped" relationship between exercise load and infection risk. It also describes the components of the human immune system and key functions that protect the body from disease, the impact of acute and chronic psychological stress on immune function, and practical guidelines for minimizing the risk of immunodepression and infection in athletes. Further chapters explore different ways of measuring immune function, as well as the effects of heavy training on innate and specific (acquired) immunity, exercise in environmental extremes, and nutrition. Connections between exercise, infection risk, and immune function in special populations (elderly, obese, diabetic and HIV patients) are also addressed. Authored by a team of highly experienced experts. The "J-shaped" relationship between exercise load and infection risk is described, backed by current research and evidence. Components of the immune system and normal immune function are explained in detail, as well as methods for measuring immune function. The impact of acute and chronic psychological stress on immune function is presented, along with suggestions for minimizing the risk of immunodepression and infection in athletes. The effects of heavy training, exercise in environmental extremes, and nutrition are discussed with regard to their impact on innate and specific (acquired) immunity. Immune function in special populations (elderly, obese, diabetic and HIV patients) is also addressed, exploring links between exercise and infection risk in these groups. Evidence-based coverage includes a list of references in each chapter, as well as suggestions for further reading that direct readers to important texts and review articles. Information is presented in an easily accessible format, following a logical progression of material. LEach chapter begins with a list of learning objectives and ends with a list of key points to reinforce learning. A glossary at the end of the book defines all key terms and abbreviations.