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A collection of work from top researchers in the field, this book covers all aspects of self-similar network traffic. Readers will gain a better understanding of these networks through a broad introduction to the topic, as well as suggestions for future research.
Providing performance guarantees is one of the most important issues for future telecommunication networks. This book describes theoretical developments in performance guarantees for telecommunication networks from the last decade. Written for the benefit of graduate students and scientists interested in telecommunications-network performance this book consists of two parts. The first introduces the recently-developed filtering theory for providing deterministic (hard) guarantees, such as bounded delay and queue length. The filtering theory is developed under the min-plus algebra, where one replaces the usual addition with the min operator and the usual multiplication with the addition operator. As in the classical linear system theory, the filtering theory treats an arrival process (or a departure process ) as a signal and a network element as a system. Network elements, including traffic regulators and servers, can be modelled as linear filters under the min-plus algebra, and they can be joined by concatenation, "filter bank summation", and feedback to form a composite network element. The problem of providing deterministic guarantees is equivalent to finding the impulse response of composite network elements. This section contains material on: - (s, r)-calculus - Filtering theory for deterministic traffic regulation, service guarantees and networks with variable-length packets - Traffic specification - Networks with multiple inputs and outputs - Constrained traffic regulation The second part of the book addresses stochastic (soft) guarantees, focusing mainly on tail distributions of queue lengths and packet loss probabilities and contains material on: - (s(q), r(q))-calculus and q-envelope rates - The large deviation principle - The theory of effective bandwidth The mathematical theory for stochastic guarantees is the theory of effective bandwidth. Based on the large deviation principle, the theory of effective bandwidth provides approximations for the bandwidths required to meet stochastic guarantees for both short-range dependent inputs and long-range dependent inputs.
This text brings together differing geographic perspectives in modeling and analysis in order to highlight infrastructure weaknesses or plan for their protection. Offering new methodological approaches, the book explores the potential consequences of critical infrastructure failure, stemming from both man-made and natural disasters. The approaches employed are wide-ranging, including geographic, economic and social perspectives.
Until now, developers and researchers interested in the design, operation, and performance of Bluetooth networks have lacked guidance about potential answers and the relative advantages and disadvantages of performance solutions. Performance Modeling and Analysis of Bluetooth Networks: Polling, Scheduling, and Traffic Control summarizes t
How prepared are you to build fast and efficient web applications? This eloquent book provides what every web developer should know about the network, from fundamental limitations that affect performance to major innovations for building even more powerful browser applications—including HTTP 2.0 and XHR improvements, Server-Sent Events (SSE), WebSocket, and WebRTC. Author Ilya Grigorik, a web performance engineer at Google, demonstrates performance optimization best practices for TCP, UDP, and TLS protocols, and explains unique wireless and mobile network optimization requirements. You’ll then dive into performance characteristics of technologies such as HTTP 2.0, client-side network scripting with XHR, real-time streaming with SSE and WebSocket, and P2P communication with WebRTC. Deliver superlative TCP, UDP, and TLS performance Speed up network performance over 3G/4G mobile networks Develop fast and energy-efficient mobile applications Address bottlenecks in HTTP 1.x and other browser protocols Plan for and deliver the best HTTP 2.0 performance Enable efficient real-time streaming in the browser Create efficient peer-to-peer videoconferencing and low-latency applications with real-time WebRTC transports
During recent years a great deal of progress has been made in performance modelling and evaluation of the Internet, towards the convergence of multi-service networks of diverging technologies, supported by internetworking and the evolution of diverse access and switching technologies. The 44 chapters presented in this handbook are revised invited works drawn from PhD courses held at recent HETNETs International Working Conferences on Performance Modelling and Evaluation of Heterogeneous Networks. They constitute essential introductory material preparing the reader for further research and development in the field of performance modelling, analysis and engineering of heterogeneous networks and of next and future generation Internets. The handbook aims to unify relevant material already known but dispersed in the literature, introduce the readers to unfamiliar and unexposed research areas and, generally, illustrate the diversity of research found in the high growth field of convergent heterogeneous networks and the Internet. The chapters have been broadly classified into 12 parts covering the following topics: Measurement Techniques; Traffic Modelling and Engineering; Queueing Systems and Networks; Analytic Methodologies; Simulation Techniques; Performance Evaluation Studies; Mobile, Wireless and Ad Hoc Networks, Optical Networks; QoS Metrics and Algorithms; All IP Convergence and Networking; Network Management and Services; and Overlay Networks.
This book offers a detailed investigation of breakdowns in traffic and transportation networks. It shows empirically that transitions from free flow to so-called synchronized flow, initiated by local disturbances at network bottlenecks, display a nucleation-type behavior: while small disturbances in free flow decay, larger ones grow further and lead to breakdowns at the bottlenecks. Further, it discusses in detail the significance of this nucleation effect for traffic and transportation theories, and the consequences this has for future automatic driving, traffic control, dynamic traffic assignment, and optimization in traffic and transportation networks. Starting from a large volume of field traffic data collected from various sources obtained solely through measurements in real world traffic, the author develops his insights, with an emphasis less on reviewing existing methodologies, models and theories, and more on providing a detailed analysis of empirical traffic data and drawing consequences regarding the minimum requirements for any traffic and transportation theories to be valid. The book - proves the empirical nucleation nature of traffic breakdown in networks - discusses the origin of the failure of classical traffic and transportation theories - shows that the three-phase theory is incommensurable with the classical traffic theories, and - explains why current state-of-the art dynamic traffic assignments tend to provoke heavy traffic congestion, making it a valuable reference resource for a wide audience of scientists and postgraduate students interested in the fundamental understanding of empirical traffic phenomena and related data-driven phenomenology, as well as for practitioners working in the fields of traffic and transportation engineering.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Passive and Active Measurement Workshop, PAM 2004, held in Antibes Juan-les-Pins, France in April 2004. The 29 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 184 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on P2P and overlay, network optimization, traffic analysis, protocol and system measurement, tools, miscellaneous, network measurement, and BGP and routing.