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Membrane integrity is in an interesting combination of science, engineering, and regulations. The book introduces the reader to the subject in the context of drinking water filtration. Both theoretical and practical aspects of membrane integrity testing are discussed along with historical and future technologies. Discussed are the types and causes of integrity breaches, tests to perform to discover them, how to establish a membrane integrity testing program and government disinfection regulations.
This research assessed membrane integrity monitoring methods for microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane filtration processes. The project evaluated existing and newly developed methods for integrity monitoring using literature review and full-scale testing of the essential criteria of sensitivity, continuity, identifiably, reliability, and implementability. Recommendations are included. While this research was motivated by the USEPA's LT2ESWTR, the coverage and results have international applicability.
High-pressure (HP) membranes, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration are used increasingly to treat brackish and organic laden surface waters as water purveyors are forced to utilize lower quality source waters to meet potable water demands. In addition, reverse osmosis has become an integral part of the advanced reclamation process for the indirect potable reuse of domestic wastewaters. In these applications, HP membranes are expected to serve as a positive barrier to pathogens. To date, integrity methods for full-scale HP membrane systems have been limited to conductivity and total organic carbon monitoring, approaches that can only assess pathogen removals to two logs (99%). The first objective of this research was to determine the integrity of RO and NF membrane systems with respect to viral passage using both particulate (MS2 viruses and fluorescent microspheres) and soluble (Rhodamine WT) surrogates. The second objective was to compare the capability of these surrogates for use in assessing integrity of intact and compromised RO and NF membranes when evaluated in a number of configurations. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003
Advances in Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment: Materials, Processes and Applications provides a detailed overview of advanced water treatment methods involving membranes, which are increasingly seen as effective replacements for a range of conventional water treatment methods. The text begins with reviews of novel membrane materials and advances in membrane operations, then examines the processes involved with improving membrane performance. Final chapters cover the application of membrane technologies for use in water treatment, with detailed discussions on municipal wastewater and reuse in the textile and paper industries. - Provides a detailed overview of advanced water treatment methods involving membranes - Coverage includes advancements in membrane materials, improvement in membrane performance, and their applications in water treatment - Discusses the use of membrane technologies in the production of drinking water, desalination, wastewater treatment, and recovery
This book is intended to serve as a "one-stop" reference resource for important research accomplishments in the area of nanostructured polymer membranes and their processing and characterizations. It will be a very valuable reference source for university and college faculties, professionals, post-doctoral research fellows, senior graduate students, and researchers from R&D laboratories working in the area of polymer nanobased membranes. The various chapters are contributed by prominent researchers from industry, academia and government/private research laboratories across the globe and comprise an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field.
COST-EFFECTIVE MEMBRANE SOLUTIONS FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER REUSE APPLICATIONS Written by a water and wastewater industry expert with more than 35 years of experience, this book describes how membrane technology can be used alone, coupled with aerobic or anaerobic processes, or as integrated membrane systems to process treated municipal effluent or industrial wastewater for discharge, recycle, or reuse. After reviewing chemistry fundamentals and basic principles, Membrane Processes for Water Reuse covers microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and membrane coupled bioprocesses. The design, sizing, and selection of membrane technologies for water recycling and reuse applications is discussed in detail. Wastewater reuse case studies and example problems illustrate the concepts presented in this practical, authoritative guide. Coverage includes: Water reuse overview Water quality Basic concepts of membrane filtration processes Low pressure membrane technology--microfiltration and ultrafiltration Diffusive membrane technologies--nanofiltration and reverse osmosis Membrane-coupled bioprocess Design of membrane systems for water recycling and reuse Future trends and challenges
Offers a comprehensive overview of membrane science and technology from a single source Written by a renowned author with more than 40 years’ experience in membrane science and technology, and polymer science Covers all major current applications of membrane technology in two definitive volumes Includes academic analyses, applications and practical problems for each existing membrane technology Includes novel applications such as membrane reactors, hybrid systems and optical resolution as well as membrane fuel cells
In this essential new volume, Volume 13: Membrane and Desalination Technologies, a panel of expert researchers provide a wealth of information on membrane and desalination technologies. An advanced chemical and environmental engineering textbook as well as a comprehensive reference book, this volume is of high value to advanced graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, scientists, and designers of water and wastewater treatment systems. This is an essential part of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series, an incredible collection of methodologies that study the effects of pollution and waste in their three basic forms: gas, solid, and liquid. Chapters adopt the series format, employing methods of practical design and calculation illustrated by numerical examples, including pertinent cost data whenever possible, and exploring in great detail the fundamental principles of the field. Volume 13: Membrane and Desalination Technologies is an essential guide for researchers, highlighting the latest developments in principles of membrane technology, membrane systems planning and design, industrial and municipal waste treatments, desalination requirements, wastewater reclamation, biofiltration, and more.
This brand new manual provides thorough coverage of water membrane science, concepts, and theory. Chapters discuss membrane applications, testing of membrane systems, design concepts and operations, costs, residuals, plus the various manufactures. The final chapter covers future trends in low-pressure membranes followed by extensive tables and figures.