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A gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine was proposed to be the next generation internal combustion engine for gasoline. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and intake boosting on combustion and emissions of GCI engine fueled with gasoline-biodiesel blends by partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) combustions are investigated in this study. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder direct-injection CI engine, with 5% by volume proportion of biodiesel in gasoline fuel blends. Engine control parameters (EGR rate, intake boosting rate, and various injection strategies) were adjusted to investigate their influences on combustion and emissions of this GCI engine. It is found that changes in EGR rate, intake boosting pressure and injection strategies affect on ignition delay, maximum pressure rise rate and thermal efficiency which is closely tied to HC, CO, NOx and smoke emissions, respectively.
This book focuses on biodiesel combustion, including biodiesel performance, emissions and control. It brings together a range of international research in combustion studies in order to offer a comprehensive resource for researchers, students and academics alike. The book begins with an introduction to biodiesel combustion, followed by a discussion of NOx formation routes. It then addresses biodiesel production processes and oil feedstocks in detail, discusses the physiochemical properties of biodiesel, and explores the benefits and drawbacks of these properties. Factors influencing the formation of emissions, including NOx emissions, are also dealt with thoroughly. Lastly, the book discusses the mechanisms of pollution and different approaches used to reduce pollutants in connection with biodiesel. Each approach is considered in detail, and diagrams are provided to illustrate the points in line with industry standard control mechanisms.
This book examines internal combustion engine technology and applications of biodiesel fuel. It includes seven chapters in two sections. The first section examines engine downsizing, fuel spray, and economic comparison. The second section deals with applications of biodiesel fuel in compression-ignition and spark-ignition engines. The information contained herein is useful for scientists and students looking to broaden their knowledge of internal combustion engine technologies and applications of biodiesel fuel.
The developments in alternative energy sources have become gradually more applicable with the increasing exploration for an adequate alternative to oil-based energy. The depletion of the amount of fossil fuels worldwide is steadily creating an incentive to replace them, either partially or completely, with bio-fuels. The purpose of this study is to define and provide a comparison for biofuels, mineral diesel (D2) and straight vegetable oil (SVO). The main properties of fuels have been investigated experimentally in the Chemical Laboratory of the University of Malaysia in Pahang. There are seven fuels, including 5% Biodiesel blended with 95% mineral diesel (B5), 15% Biodiesel blended with 85% mineral diesel (B15), 20% Biodiesel blended with 80% mineral diesel (B20), 50% Biodiesel blended with 50% mineral diesel (B50), 100% Biodiesel (B100), Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO), and Diesel fuel (D2). Tests were conducted to determine the effect of biodiesel blended with diesel fuel on the following properties: the energy content, density, cetane number, viscosity, cloud and pour point, flash point, acid value and moisture content. From the properties testing, the small proportions of biodiesel blended, which included B5, B15, B20 and D2, were analysed for their performance in GT-Power engine simulation. Subsequently, some of properties that have been determined earlier will be used as an input in a GT-Power simulation model. The GT-Power model was built for a single cylinder diesel engine. The input model's engine specifications follow the diesel engine Yanmar TF-120M. Then the engine performance will be compared and discussed between the various blends of fuel. From the graph tendency, B5 is considerably pre-eminent for the good performance of the diesel engine. The higher energy content shows good agreement with the best performance of engine. This is because the lower energy content needs more BSFC to inject more fuel to gain equal brake torque and the same level of power. Nonetheless, the consequence of the lowest value of BSFC is obviously desirable. Attention was also alerted to the properties which influence the injection and engine characteristics extensively, thus affecting the quality of engine performance which also affects injector lubrication and fuel atomisation. Generally, biodiesel fuel blends can improve lubricant; nevertheless, the higher viscosity levels have a tendency to form larger droplets on injection that can cause exhaust smoke and poor combustion reactions.
Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
This book presents the select proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Advanced Materials and Modern Manufacturing (ICAMMM 2021). It covers broad areas such as advanced mechanical engineering, material science and manufacturing process. Various topics discussed in this book include green manufacturing, green materials, Industry 4.0, additive manufacturing, precision engineering, sustainability, manufacturing operations management and so on. Given its contents, the book will be useful for students, researchers, engineers and professionals working in the area of mechanical engineering and its allied fields.
This book presents the select proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Electric Automotive Technologies 2021 (HEAT 2021). It cover recent innovations in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles and autonomous vehicles. Various topics covered in this volume are batteries, battery cooling methodologies, use of nano-coolants, electrified powertrain systems and components, hybridisation infrastructure, energy storage, and many other topics of importance to the industry. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of automobile and vehicle engineering.
This book provides a comparative analysis of both diesel and gasoline engine particulates, and also of the emissions resulting from the use of alternative fuels. Written by respected experts, it offers comprehensive insights into motor vehicle particulates, their formation, composition, location, measurement, characterisation and toxicology. It also addresses exhaust-gas treatment and legal, measurement-related and technological advancements concerning emissions. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.