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This is the first book of its kind to focus solely on the female athlete triad - its origins, its recognition, and most importantly, its management. Since the symptoms themselves cover a range of medical specialties, chapters are written by experts in a number of relevant fields - sports medicine, orthopedics, endocrinology, and pediatrics - with an eye toward overall care of the young female athlete. Additionally, each chapter includes suggestions on how to educate and communicate with young athletes and their parents, as well as trainers and coaches, on how to manage the illness outside of the direct clinical setting. The female athlete triad is often seen in sports where low body weight is emphasized, such as gymnastics, figure skating, and running, though it can appear in any sport or activity. The interrelated symptoms - eating disorders, amenorrhea, and low bone mass - exist on a spectrum of severity and are serious and potentially life-threatening if not properly treated. Psychological problems, in addition to medical ones, are not uncommon. The Female Athlete Triad: A Clinical Guide discusses all of these areas for a well-rounded and in-depth approach to the phenomenon and will be a useful reference for any clinician working with female athletes across the lifespan.
Applied sport psychology research suggests that the use of psychological skills (e.g., positive self-talk, goal-setting, relaxation) during the rehabilitation process increase recovery rates, increase adherence to rehabilitation, and decrease anxiety and stress (Heaney, 2006). Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) hold a critical role within injury rehabilitation as the primary health care professional who interacts with injured athletes. Therefore, properly trained, ATCs have been identified as the ideal professional to implement psychological skills during injury rehabilitation (Larson, Starkey, & Zaichkowsky, 1996). The purpose of this study was to explore National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (D-I) ATCs use of psychological skills and perceptions of qualifications to implement psychological skills with athletes during rehabilitation. Results revealed that participants reported using goal-setting, communication, and time management most frequently with athletes. Results of a stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that participants confidence in their ability to effectively demonstrate psychological skills significantly predicted their use of psychological skills, along with perceptions of the effectiveness of psychological skills and previous level of training in sport psychology. Lastly, participants perceived psychologists to be the most qualified professional to implement psychological skills with injured athletes. Implications for ATCs and sport psychology professionals are education. This includes ATCs educational requirements to be more detailed and clear for athletic training students as well as education by sport psychology consultants to help other professional better understand their role in the overall sport team.
Objective: Mental health disorders are increasing in our society. Research on athletic trainer's knowledge and perception of mental health disorders and if policies are developed and used is limited. This study investigates athletic trainers' knowledge of mental health illness, current policies and procedures concerning mental health, and the perceptions athletic trainers have of mental health. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design to build upon quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study had a web-based survey to collect quantitative information followed by semi-structured qualitative interviews. Using a phenomenology approach, the study focused on how life is experienced by giving the participant a voice. Three hundred eighty-four certified athletic trainers completed a web-based survey; 15 participants volunteered for the semi-structured interview. Results: Participants scored above 70% on all knowledge questions; 72% have screening policies; 83% have mental health-specific emergency action plans, and 81.2% agreed or strongly agreed that the stigma associated with mental health is why student-athletes do not seek help for mental health problems. An inductive analysis resulted in 2 emergent themes: (1) Athlete Training (AT) scope of practice and (2) perception of mental health. Each theme had numerous sub-themes. Conclusions: Participants knew mental health signs and symptoms, and many reported wanting more information on specific mental health topics. Participants felt that discussion mental health topics and referrals is difficult due to the athletic trainer's scope of practice. Participants who did not have policies and procedures needed more staff and acceptance of mental health in their athletic departments. Barriers such as stigma, fear, lack of knowledge, and lack of time still exist and cause student-athletes not to seek treatment. Athletic trainers value mental health and continue improving their knowledge and strive to convince athletic departments to support the mental health of athletes despite barriers.
This new International Olympic Committee (IOC) handbook covers the science, medicine and psycho-social aspects of females in sports at all levels of competition. Each chapter focuses on the specific issues that female athletes confront both on and off the field, such as bone health, nutritional recommendations, exercise/competition during menstruation and pregnancy, and much more. Fully endorsed by the IOC and drawing upon the experience of an international team of expert contributors, no other publication deals with the topic in such a concise and complete manner. The Female Athlete is recommended for all health care providers for women and girl athletes internationally for all sports and all levels of competition. It is a valuable resource for medical doctors, physical and occupational therapists, nutritionists, and sports scientists as well as coaches, personal trainers and athletes.