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The international development policy agenda is currently dominated by the theme of poverty reduction. The theme has been vigorously pursued by multilateral donors, such as The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank, and others. Their assistance has also been tuned to pro-poor policy frameworks. Poverty, however, is understood mainly to be a rural phenomenon. This is based on the fact that rural poverty is widespread and pervasive and affects a large segment of the population since the majority of people in less developed countries reside in rural areas. There is, however, an increasing trend of urban growth and with it urban poverty all over the world. In Ethiopia urban poverty, in comparison to rural poverty and national level poverty, has increased over time. This has necessitated urban poverty reduction as an important area of intervention in urban development and planning. The objective of this study is to understand the livelihood situations of the poor in big and small towns, and identify the gaps and linkages between the livelihood requirements of the poor and policies at municipal level. The study was conducted in nine cities and towns of the country, including the capital city.
To tackle pervasive poverty in Ethiopia, the root cause must be removed first. Only then can the country hope for progress. Dr. Assefa Muluneh, formerly a senior economist at the Planning Office in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, explores the dimensions and prevalence of poverty in Ethiopia. More importantly, he proposes strategies to solve the problems. Laced with data and based on real-world experiences, the book serves as a guide to solve systemic poverty in Ethiopia and beyond. The author shares how poverty became such a big problem in Ethiopia and how it affects politics, education, and the economy. The book also focuses on issues such as the cost of living, income distribution, housing, and how demographic trends will shape the future of the nation. While Ethiopia became the fastest growing economy in Africa in 2018 and had an estimated gross domestic product of US$96.1 billion in 2019, it remains among the poorest countries in the world with a life expectancy of only sixty-six years. Find out why poverty continues to be rampant in Ethiopia and what can be done to move the country forward with the insights and observations in Inequality and Poverty in Ethiopia.
The history of the country tells us that Ethiopians have been suffering from a range of deprivation; and poverty has been a way of life for the large segment of the population for a very long period of time. Both rural and urban areas of the country are chronically suffering by the situation. Many studies have shown the poignant nature of the problem. However, comprehensive studies made on urban poverty, particularly pertaining to its implication on education has been limited. Therefore, this study is a remarkable piece of work that has shown the missed opportunities of poverty afflicted children. In Ethiopia, each year increasing number of children are entering school with needs that schools are not prepared to meet. As a result, many of the nation s children are coming face to face with the multidimensional challenges that poverty brings. Especially, children coming from low socio-economic milieu are at the heart of the problem and they are exposed to diverse intimidations, which in turn hold them back from schooling and a better future.
The urban sector in Ethiopia has largely been neglected by researchers and policy analysts, and ignored in debates on poverty. This has resulted in a 'rural bias', which is reflected in development policies and public debate in the country. If one of the goals of development is to reverse the dominance of the rural economy, and to place the urban environment on the centre stage, it is important to shift the balance of the research agenda from the rural to the urban. The papers in this volume were first presented at the Third International Conference on the Ethiopian Economy convened by the Ethiopian Economic Association in 2005.
Urbanization has historically pushed all forms of agriculture out of the city into the rural areas, considering it is too dirty for the wealth and glory of the city. This study investigated the status of the urban agricultural practices in Addis Ababa. Despite the significant role, urban agriculture could play in household food security, income and job opportunity and general poverty reduction; this activity is facing challenges due to rapid urbanization that is bringing highly competing land use demands. Urban agriculture, however, is a hazard in the development of Addis Ababa City. Urban agriculture contradicts the policy of modernizing African cities. It is associated with the theory of peasant cities thus painting a picture of permanent poverty in the Third World Countries' cities. This descriptive survey research utilized a sample of thirty-one respondents. The general objective was to identify the major challenges and opportunities of urban agriculture in urban development. There is no clearly stated urban agriculture policy in Ethiopia. This study portrays the contradictions between urban agriculture development, competition for land and the need for developing modern cities in Africa. Critical theory alleges that urban agriculture is an outcome of a class struggle. It is a conflict brought about by the structuring of Ethiopian society. Urban agriculture activities are a direct result of poverty from shortage of income and rampant unemployment in the urban centers. Urban legislation like urban by-laws if clearly designed is useful for monitoring and controlling this activity.