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Monograph on poverty in Israel - examines the economic implications, political aspects and sociological aspects of poverty and efforts (social policy, educational policy and employment policy, etc.) to combat it. Bibliography pp. 163 to 169, references and statistical tables.
This is a work on "hostile" data and the conditions under which they are accepted and rejected. What is the place of data in politics and organization? Why are politicians and administrators so often hostile to research data, or why do they tend to perceive data as hostile to them? How can data become relevant to policy? These questions are the focus of this book. In answer I try to show how political and administrative institutions cope with "hostile" data; how they seek to maintain closedness to disconfirming data, and how they are led, in a free society, to change their policies despite the epistemological bias in favor of the already known and the initial inclination to resist change. At the same time, I demonstrate that data producers must learn that while their research findings may be subjected to science's own standards of verifiability, such data must also meet standards of contestability by the various interests involved in political and administrative decisions. The production and "appropriate" publication of a research report may at best buy one an admission ticket to participate in political and administrative contests, but not the power nor the justification to determine the outcomes of the contest. I begin with two hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Politicians or administrators reject data that do not coincide with behavior they are unwilling to change. Hypothesis II: Politicians or administrators change behavior that does not coincide with data they are unwilling to reject.
This study of the social and economic disparities in Israel spans the period from the early 1920s up to the present. An investigation into historical development is combined with a thorough analysis of causes of economic inequality and poverty. Special attention is paid to the socio-economic differences between and within the communities -- the two main Jewish groups (European and Oriental) and the Arab population. Further subjects include the examination of the impact of economic growth and structural changes on inequality; the analysis of income distribution by family types; and the influence of the working wife on family income and inequality. International comparisons and the analysis of inequality in the world show Israel in a wider perspective and lend the study a more general character. Contents: Introduction: Concepts and Measurement / The Mandatory Period / Socioeconomic Development of Income Distribution / An Historical Aspect / Factors Affecting Earning and Income Differentials / Determinants of Family Income / Poverty in Israel / Israel in the World / Income Distribution in the World
Some vols. include special issues.
These essays examine issues of major importance to all welfare states, with a special focus on the Israeli welfare state. By focusing on the politics and the making of social policy in a variety of countries, they provide an understanding of the development of welfare states around the world.