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A human lung bifurcation model was designed and developed specifically to measure particle deposition.
"The overall goal of this research is to study the physical and fluid dynamic phenomena that control the deposition of particulate matter in the respiratory system."--Page 3.
"The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Experimental data for lung bifurcations reveals complex geometries and distinct asymmetrical characteristic, which affects the localized distribution of particles deposited in the lung. This study is based on recently published numerical results for a symmetric physiological realistic bifurcation geometry Heistracher and Hofmann (1995) which has been extended here to the case of a asymmetric geometry. The asymmetric PRB model was used to study the flow field and the deposition of ultrafine particles for inspiratory and expiratory conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of different flow rates, representing human activity and deposition of different ultrafine particles representing radon daughter (Po-218), in the PRB model. Numerical results were compared with the limited available experimental and numerical data. The fluid dynamic computer program FIDAP was used for this purpose.
Morphometry of the Human Lung considers the developments in understanding the quantitative anatomy of the lung, and in the correlation of anatomy with physiology. This book is composed of 11 chapters, and begins with an overview of a systematic approach to a quantitative morphologic analysis of the architecture of the human lung, followed by a presentation of general problems of methodology and the derivation of reliable dimensional models of this organ. The subsequent chapters describe the methods of preparation of tissues, methods of random sampling, and adaptation of methodologies from other fields of science. These topics are followed by discussions the mathematical formulations for the translation of the data into the desired geometric forms and a technique of counting. The final chapters look into the mode of distribution and geometric forms that should eventually facilitate mathematical and physical considerations regarding the function of the lungs. These chapters also consider the application of these quantitative methods to the study of pathologic specimens, providing a most timely renovation of morphologic pathology. This book will be of value to pulmonologists, physiologists, and researchers who are interested in lung morphometry.
Written by an expanded team of leading international scientists, the second edition thoroughly investigates research and therapies for managing adverse physiological effects of air-borne particles on the respiratory tract. The book examines the lung as the gateway for particle damage to organs outside the respiratory system and provide the informat