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This book is a concise yet thorough study of charge-parity (CP) asymmetry, particularly within the B meson system. Beginning with an introduction to the topic, the book covers discrete symmetry, antiparticles and CP symmetry before moving on to CP violations in both the quark sector and the B meson system. It also examines the accelerators and experiments involved in unveiling the asymmetry within the weak interactions, and finishes with an outlook on investigations beyond the Standard Model. The book offers a fascinating insight into the research of CP asymmetry and is an essential reference for experimental physicists and other researchers related to the field. Key Features Comprehensive study of charge-parity (CP) asymmetry within the B meson system Examines accelerators and the experiments that help to unveil the asymmetry within the weak interactions Offers an outlook on investigations in the field beyond the Standard Model An essential reference for experimental physicists and other researchers related to the field
In this dissertation, a measurement of CP-violating effects in decays of neutral B meson is presented. The data sample for this measurement consists of about 88 million [Upsilon](4S) [yields] B[bar B] decays collected between 1999 and 2002 with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e[sup +]e[sup -] collider, located at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in the CP eigenstates J/[psi] K[sub S][sup 0], [psi](2S)K[sub S][sup 0], [chi][sub c1]K[sub S][sup 0], and [eta][sub c]K[sub S][sup 0], or in the flavor eigenstates D(*)[sup -] [pi][sup +]/[rho][sup +]/a[sub 1][sup +] and J/[psi] K*[sup 0] (K*[sup 0] [yields] K[sup +][pi][sup -]). The other B meson is determined to be either a B[sup 0] or a [bar B][sup 0], at the time of its decay, from the properties of its decay products. The proper time [Delta]t elapsed between the decay of the two mesons is determined by reconstructing their decay vertices, and by measuring the distance between them. The CP asymmetry amplitude sin2[beta] is determined by the distributions of [Delta]t in events with a reconstructed B meson in CP eigenstates. The detector resolution and the b-flavor-tagging parameters are constrained by the [Delta]t distributions of events with a fully reconstructed flavor eigenstate. From a simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit to the [Delta]t distributions of all selected events in CP and flavor eigenstates, the value of sin2[beta] is measured to be 0.755 [+-] 0.074(stat) [+-] 0.030(syst). This value is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction, and represents a successful test of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism of CP violation.
Part of the Physics in a New Era series of assessments of the various branches of the field, Elementary-Particle Physics reviews progress in the field over the past 10 years and recommends actions needed to address the key questions that remain unanswered. It explains in simple terms the present picture of how matter is constructed. As physicists have probed ever deeper into the structure of matter, they have begun to explore one of the most fundamental questions that one can ask about the universe: What gives matter its mass? A new international accelerator to be built at the European laboratory CERN will begin to explore some of the mechanisms proposed to give matter its heft. The committee recommends full U.S. participation in this project as well as various other experiments and studies to be carried out now and in the longer term.