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"Water is a vital element for agricultural production and for economic development in general. However, the spatial and temporal distribution of water in Mexico restrains its use. Because of this distribution, it has been necessary to build a large infrastructure to capture, store, and allot this element among water users." Around the world, countries that once promoted more government involvement in irrigation management are adopting new policies that do just the opposite, creating incentives for farmers to take over the management of operations and maintenance, while government agencies focus on improving the management of water at the main system level. Is this just another management fad; or will the pendulum that is now swinging toward greater management control by farmers soon swing back the other way, toward greater state control? This volume reports on four countries where the state's role in irrigation management has undergone fundamental change and where the result has been a much greater management role for farmers. These studies address the political antecedents of participatory irrigation management (PIM) policies, the process of implementing the policies, and the second-generation challenges of sustaining PIM. These experiences will prove useful to policymakers and irrigation professionals who are facing similar challenges in their own countries.
Collection of contributed papers presented at two conferences with reference to India, the National Conference on PIM held at New Delhi in 1997 and another at Hyderabad in 1999.
Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) in Nepal was implemented in 1990s with the objective of transferring the irrigation management to the grass root level. It is clear that the management has been transferred to the community, but it is not clear as to how the objectives of PIM are being met. The study takes place in the two communities in Chitwan, Nepal: Chainpur and Pithuwa.Although the idea and the objectives of the PIM seemed very attractive, it is questionable as to how participation is taking place at different levels in the two communities. Taking into account the definition of participation and empowerment, the study shows that with the different cultural background and social difference, the farmers at different levels in the communities are not empowered and have no full pariticipation in the decision making of the management of the irrigation systems. On top of that, the study also shows the influence of the political structure of the country which is embedded in the two communities affecting the participation and empowerment of the farmers at different levels.