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The innovative progress in the development of parallel computing systems and their increasing availability have caused a rise in interest in the scientific principles that underlie parallel computation and parallel programming. The biannual Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe (PARLE) conferences aim to present current research on all aspects of the theory, design and application of parallel computing systems and parallel processing.
Paradigms of Concurrency: Observations, Behaviours, and Systems - a Petri Net View - Ryszard Janicki (McMaster University, CA) Jetty Kleijn (Leiden University, NL) Maciej Koutny (Newcastle University, UK) Lukasz Mikulski (Nicolaus Copernicus University, PL) Concurrency can be studied at different yet consistent levels of abstraction: from individual behavioural observations via more abstract concurrent histories that can be represented by causality structures capturing invariant dependencies between executed actions, to system level constructs such as Petri nets or process algebra expressions. Histories can then be understood as sets of closely related observations. Depending on the nature of the observed relationships between executed actions involved in a single concurrent history, one may identify different concurrency paradigms underpinned by different kinds of causality structures such as partial orders. This book studies fundamental mathematical abstractions to capture and relate observations, histories, and systems. In particular, taking a Petri net view, we present system models fitting various concurrency paradigms and their associated causality structures.
Multithreaded computer architecture has emerged as one of the most promising and exciting avenues for the exploitation of parallelism. This new field represents the confluence of several independent research directions which have united over a common set of issues and techniques. Multithreading draws on recent advances in dataflow, RISC, compiling for fine-grained parallel execution, and dynamic resource management. It offers the hope of dramatic performance increases through parallel execution for a broad spectrum of significant applications based on extensions to `traditional' approaches. Multithreaded Computer Architecture is divided into four parts, reflecting four major perspectives on the topic. Part I provides the reader with basic background information, definitions, and surveys of work which have in one way or another been pivotal in defining and shaping multithreading as an architectural discipline. Part II examines key elements of multithreading, highlighting the fundamental nature of latency and synchronization. This section presents clever techniques for hiding latency and supporting large synchronization name spaces. Part III looks at three major multithreaded systems, considering issues of machine organization and compilation strategy. Part IV concludes the volume with an analysis of multithreaded architectures, showcasing methodologies and actual measurements. Multithreaded Computer Architecture: A Summary of the State of the Art is an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.
This volume includes contributions from the 9th Parallel-in-Time (PinT) workshop, an annual gathering devoted to the field of time-parallel methods, aiming to adapt existing computer models to next-generation machines by adding a new dimension of scalability. As the latest supercomputers advance in microprocessing ability, they require new mathematical algorithms in order to fully realize their potential for complex systems. The use of parallel-in-time methods will provide dramatically faster simulations in many important areas, including biomedical (e.g., heart modeling), computational fluid dynamics (e.g., aerodynamics and weather prediction), and machine learning applications. Computational and applied mathematics is crucial to this progress, as it requires advanced methodologies from the theory of partial differential equations in a functional analytic setting, numerical discretization and integration, convergence analyses of iterative methods, and the development and implementation of new parallel algorithms. Therefore, the workshop seeks to bring together an interdisciplinary group of experts across these fields to disseminate cutting-edge research and facilitate discussions on parallel time integration methods.
Europe is the cradle of the modem international chemical industry. From the middle of the nineteenth century until the outbreak of World War I, the European chemical industry influenced not only the production and control of science and technology, but also made significant contributions towards economic development, as well as bringing about profound changes in working and living enviromnents. It is a highly complex heritage, both rich and threatening, that calls for close scrutinity. Fortunately, a unique opportunity to explore the historical development of the European chemical industry from a variety of novel standpoints, was made possible during 1993 as part of the European Science Foundation (ESF) programme called 'The Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939.' This process of exploration has taken place through three workshops, each dealing with different time periods. The workshop concerned with the period 1850-1914, which corresponds roughly to the so-called Second Industrial Revolution, was held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, on 23-25 March 1995. This volume is the outcome of that workshop. The other workshops dealing with European chemical industry were held in Liege in 1994, covering the First Industrial Revolution period, 1789-1850, and Strasbourg in 1996, covering the period between the two World Wars.
Published to accompany the 1994 exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art, New York, this book constitutes the most extensive survey of modern illustrated books to be offered in many years. Work by artists from Pierre Bonnard to Barbara Kruger and writers from Guillaume Apollinarie to Susan Sontag. An importnt reference for collectors and connoisseurs. Includes notable works by Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso.
Today we can hardly imagine life in Europe without roads and theautomobiles that move people and goods around. In fact, the vastmajority of movement in Europe takes place on the road. Travelersuse the car to explore parts of the continent on their holidays,and goods travel large distances to reach consumers. Indeed, thetwentieth century has deservedly been characteried as the centuryof the car. The situation looked very different around 1900.People crossing national borders by car encountered multiplehurdles on their way. Technically, they imported their vehicleinto a neighboring country and had to pay astronomic importduties. Often they needed to pass a driving test in each countrythey visited. Early on, automobile and touring clubs sought tomake life easier for traveling motorists.International negotiations tackled the problems arising fromdiffering regulations. The resulting volume describes everythingfrom the standardied traffic signs that saved human lives on theroad to the Europabus taking tourists from Stockholm to Romein the 1950s. Driving Europe offers a highly original portrait of aEurope built on roads in the course of the twentieth century.
Since the first PARLE conference, PARLE '87, attracted more than 300 participants, it was considered a useful and successful forum and encouraged the organization of this second issue known as PARLE '89. The initiative for these conferences was taken by project 415 of ESPRIT (the European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology of the Commission of the European Communities). Their scope covers central themes in the area of parallel architectures and languages, including such topics as concurrent, object-oriented, logic and functional programming; MIMD, dataflow, inference and reduction machines; design and verification of parallel systems; VLSI, WSI and RISC architectures; performance evaluation, memory management, systolic arrays, applications and special purpose architectures. The four invited lectures present the state of the art and advanced developments in major research areas related to the topics of the conference. Of the more than 150 submitted papers 45 were selected for presentation. Furthermore the program of PARLE '89 comprises presentations on the subprojects which together constitute ESPRIT project 415. Parallel architectures based on a variety of programming styles (object-oriented, logic, functional, dataflow) are represented in these overviews.