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Parallel Supercomputing in SIMD Architectures is a survey book providing a thorough review of Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data machines, a type of parallel processing computer that has grown to importance in recent years. It was written to describe this technology in depth including the architectural concept, its history, a variety of hardware implementations, major programming languages, algorithmic methods, representative applications, and an assessment of benefits and drawbacks. Although there are numerous books on parallel processing, this is the first volume devoted entirely to the massively parallel machines of the SIMD class. The reader already familiar with low order parallel processing will discover a different philosophy of parallelism--the data parallel paradigm instead of the more familiar program parallel scheme. The contents are organized into nine chapters, rich with illustrations and tables. The first two provide introduction and background covering fundamental concepts and a description of early SIMD computers. Chapters 3 through 8 each address specific machines from the first SIMD supercomputer (Illiac IV) through several contemporary designs to some example research computers. The final chapter provides commentary and lessons learned. Because the test of any technology is what it can do, diverse applications are incorporated throughout, leading step by step to increasingly ambitious examples. The book is intended for a wide range of readers. Computer professionals will find sufficient detail to incorporate much of this material into their own endeavors. Program managers and applications system designers may find the solution to their requirements for high computational performance at an affordable cost. Scientists and engineers will find sufficient processing speed to make interactive simulation a practical adjunct to theory and experiment. Students will find a case study of an emerging and maturing technology. The general reader is afforded the opportunity to appreciate the power of advanced computing and some of the ramifications of this growing capability.
Parallel Supercomputing in MIMD Architectures is devoted to supercomputing on a wide variety of Multiple-Instruction-Multiple-Data (MIMD)-class parallel machines. This book describes architectural concepts, commercial and research hardware implementations, major programming concepts, algorithmic methods, representative applications, and benefits and drawbacks. Commercial machines described include Connection Machine 5, NCUBE, Butterfly, Meiko, Intel iPSC, iPSC/2 and iWarp, DSP3, Multimax, Sequent, and Teradata. Research machines covered include the J-Machine, PAX, Concert, and ASP. Operating systems, languages, translating sequential programs to parallel, and semiautomatic parallelizing are aspects of MIMD software addressed in Parallel Supercomputing in MIMD Architectures. MIMD issues such as scalability, partitioning, processor utilization, and heterogenous networks are discussed as well.This book is packed with important information and richly illustrated with diagrams and tables, Parallel Supercomputing in MIMD Architectures is an essential reference for computer professionals, program managers, applications system designers, scientists, engineers, and students in the computer sciences.
MIMD supercomputers, software, and issues Parallel Supercomputing in MIMD Architectures is devoted to supercomputing on a wide variety of Multiple-Instruction-Multiple-Data (MIMD)-class parallel machines. The book describes architectural concepts, commercial and research hardware implementations, major programming concepts, algorithmic methods, representative applications, and benefits and drawbacks. Commercial machines described include Connection Machine 5, NCUBE, Butterfly, Meiko, Intel iPSC, iPSC/2 and iWarp, DSP3, Multimax, Sequent, and Teradata. Research machines covered include the J-Machine, PAX, Concert, and ASP. Operating systems, languages, translating sequential programs to parallel, and semiautomatic parallelizing are aspects of MIMD software addressed in Parallel Supercomputing in MIMD Architectures. MIMD issues such as scalability, partitioning, processor utilization, and heterogenous networks are discussed as well. Packed with important information and richly illustrated with diagrams and tables, Parallel Supercomputing in MIMD Architectures is an essential reference for computer professionals, program managers, applications system designers, scientists, engineers, and students in the computer sciences.
Mathematics of Computing -- Parallelism.
THE CONTEXT OF PARALLEL PROCESSING The field of digital computer architecture has grown explosively in the past two decades. Through a steady stream of experimental research, tool-building efforts, and theoretical studies, the design of an instruction-set architecture, once considered an art, has been transformed into one of the most quantitative branches of computer technology. At the same time, better understanding of various forms of concurrency, from standard pipelining to massive parallelism, and invention of architectural structures to support a reasonably efficient and user-friendly programming model for such systems, has allowed hardware performance to continue its exponential growth. This trend is expected to continue in the near future. This explosive growth, linked with the expectation that performance will continue its exponential rise with each new generation of hardware and that (in stark contrast to software) computer hardware will function correctly as soon as it comes off the assembly line, has its down side. It has led to unprecedented hardware complexity and almost intolerable dev- opment costs. The challenge facing current and future computer designers is to institute simplicity where we now have complexity; to use fundamental theories being developed in this area to gain performance and ease-of-use benefits from simpler circuits; to understand the interplay between technological capabilities and limitations, on the one hand, and design decisions based on user and application requirements on the other.
A complete source of information on almost all aspects of parallel computing from introduction, to architectures, to programming paradigms, to algorithms, to programming standards. It covers traditional Computer Science algorithms, scientific computing algorithms and data intensive algorithms.
Today all computers, from tablet/desktop computers to super computers, work in parallel. A basic knowledge of the architecture of parallel computers and how to program them, is thus, essential for students of computer science and IT professionals. In its second edition, the book retains the lucidity of the first edition and has added new material to reflect the advances in parallel computers. It is designed as text for the final year undergraduate students of computer science and engineering and information technology. It describes the principles of designing parallel computers and how to program them. This second edition, while retaining the general structure of the earlier book, has added two new chapters, ‘Core Level Parallel Processing’ and ‘Grid and Cloud Computing’ based on the emergence of parallel computers on a single silicon chip popularly known as multicore processors and the rapid developments in Cloud Computing. All chapters have been revised and some chapters are re-written to reflect the emergence of multicore processors and the use of MapReduce in processing vast amounts of data. The new edition begins with an introduction to how to solve problems in parallel and describes how parallelism is used in improving the performance of computers. The topics discussed include instruction level parallel processing, architecture of parallel computers, multicore processors, grid and cloud computing, parallel algorithms, parallel programming, compiler transformations, operating systems for parallel computers, and performance evaluation of parallel computers.
Designed as an introductory text for the students of computer science, computer applications, electronics engineering and information technology for their first course on the organization and architecture of computers, this accessible, student friendly text gives a clear and in-depth analysis of the basic principles underlying the subject. This self-contained text devotes one full chapter to the basics of digital logic. While the initial chapters describe in detail about computer organization, including CPU design, ALU design, memory design and I/O organization, the text also deals with Assembly Language Programming for Pentium using NASM assembler. What distinguishes the text is the special attention it pays to Cache and Virtual Memory organization, as well as to RISC architecture and the intricacies of pipelining. All these discussions are climaxed by an illuminating discussion on parallel computers which shows how processors are interconnected to create a variety of parallel computers. KEY FEATURES  Self-contained presentation starting with data representation and ending with advanced parallel computer architecture.  Systematic and logical organization of topics.  Large number of worked-out examples and exercises.  Contains basics of assembly language programming.  Each chapter has learning objectives and a detailed summary to help students to quickly revise the material.
Reconfigurable Computing marks a revolutionary and hot topic that bridges the gap between the separate worlds of hardware and software design— the key feature of reconfigurable computing is its groundbreaking ability to perform computations in hardware to increase performance while retaining the flexibility of a software solution. Reconfigurable computers serve as affordable, fast, and accurate tools for developing designs ranging from single chip architectures to multi-chip and embedded systems. Scott Hauck and Andre DeHon have assembled a group of the key experts in the fields of both hardware and software computing to provide an introduction to the entire range of issues relating to reconfigurable computing. FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) act as the "computing vehicles to implement this powerful technology. Readers will be guided into adopting a completely new way of handling existing design concerns and be able to make use of the vast opportunities possible with reconfigurable logic in this rapidly evolving field. - Designed for both hardware and software programmers - Views of reconfigurable programming beyond standard programming languages - Broad set of case studies demonstrating how to use FPGAs in novel and efficient ways