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Improvements in rice growing technologies during the last two decades have resulted in a number of countries, especially in the humid tropical regions of Asia, nearing self-sufficiency in rice production. Consequently, policies are shifting in these countries toward minimizing the under-utilization of land by increasing the cropping intensity of irrigated areas, particularly by growing non-rice crops during the dry season. These workshop papers discuss the advantages of and constraints to crop diversification in different country situations throughout Asia.
The formulation of a rural development strategy for any country is an extremely difficult and multi-faceted task, especially so for a country as large and diversified as Indonesia. With its almost two hundred million inhabitants and its island geography, Indonesia presents a particular challenge to efforts aimed at improving the lot of the rural poor. Illustrating again how economic growth in urban areas rarely translates into a decrease in rural poverty, this volume identities the impact of recent changes in the national economy on the rural poor, the interaction between the agricultural sector and the rural population, and patterns of food consumption, nutrition, and health. Drawing on the data and conclusions of thirteen years of IFAD experience in Indonesia, this book also examines the successes and failures of past development efforts and makes tangible, practical recommendations for future programs. Emphasizing that different strategies are required for Java, the other Inner Islands, and for the Outer Islands, the authors highlight the need for greater employment opportunities, greater commodity and regional diversification (in the form of the cultivation of secondary food crops, maintenance and improvement of irrigation, and the construction of roads, among other programmes), and a special emphasis on poor rural women.
This paper is a synthesis of IIMI's research on irrigation management for crop diversification in Indonesia, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. It provides some conclusions and recommendations, the potentials and constraints to more intensive non-rice production during the drier part of the year in irrigation systems that have been developed primarily for rice production. The research results obtained from selected irrigation systems sites in the three countries from 1985 to date were analyzed and compared by establishing common reference points where they existed, such as common constraints, potentials and institutional arrangements and by explaining differences based on observed data for each system. Relevant secondary data other than from the research sites were located to shed further insight in the synthesis.
This document is an edited and slightly revised version of a previously published integrated agriculture-aquaculture (IAA) technology information kit. It contains 38 contributions in seven sections, outlining the basic issues and characteristics of IAA systems and making generous use of pictorial drawings and visual representations.
This Schaum's Study Guide is the perfect tool for getting a handle on statistics. Fully stocked with solved problems, 508 of them, it shows you how to work problems that may not have been fully explained in class. Plus you get 694 additional problems to use for practice, with answers at the back of the book. Ideal for independent study, brush-up before exams, or preparation for professional tests, this Schaum's guide is clear, complete, and well-organized. It even prepares you for computer solutions of statistical problems, fully explaining the use of Minitab, the most popular statistical software. It's the perfect supplement for any course in statistics, and a super helper for the math-challenged.
This is an open access book. Socio-culturally, people in the Southeast Asian region have a heterogeneous composition. This diversity can be seen from the large number of ethnic compositions that inhabit the region. For example, in Indonesia, there are already various ethnic groups, not yet to mention in other regions such as Malaysia, Philippine, and others. The diversity of these ethnic groups is directly proportional to the variety of languages that exist in Southeast Asia. Similarly with the languages, the culture in these ethnic groups is definitely diverse. Interestingly, this diversity is constantly changing, keeping up with the global changes. These changes are important to study, in order to get an overview of the socio-cultural changes and continuity that currently exist in the Southeast Asian region. The various changes and continuity that occur historically, geographically, and socio-culturally mentioned above, will also have various impacts on the educational aspect. Therefore, it is also pivotal to examine the various change and continuity that occur in the field of education of Southeast Asia. This is because the field of education will determine where Southeast Asia will be taken in the future.