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Modality Matters! A Look at Task-Based Outcomes / Julio Torres -- The Differential Effects of Three Types of Form-Focused, Computer-based Grammar Instruction : The Case of Receptive Heritage Learners / Sara M. Beaudrie and Bonnie C. Holmes -- Effects of Instruction on Specific Measures of Accuracy in Spanish Heritage Learners' Writing / Adrián Bello-Uriarte -- The Secret Is in The Processing : Categorizing How Spanish Heritage Learners Process / Celia Chomón Zamora -- What Type of Knowledge Do Implicit and Explicit Heritage Language Instruction Result In? / Melissa A. Bowles and Sara Fernández Cuenca -- "Incorporating Our Own Traditions and Our Own Ways of Trying to Learn the Language" : Beginning-level Spanish as a Heritage Language Students' Perception of Their SHL Learning Experience / Damián Vergara Wilson -- Beyond Registers of Formality and Other Categories of Stigmatization : Style, Awareness and Agency in SHL Education / Claudia Holguín Mendoza -- Towards an Understanding of the Relationship Between Heritage Language Programs and Latinx Student Retention and Graduation : An Exploratory Case Study / Diego Pascual y Cabo and Josh Prada -- Heritage and Second Language Learners' Voices and Views on Mixed Classes and Separate Tracks / Florencia G. Henshaw - Afterword : Studying Outcomes to Bridge the Gap between Teaching and Learning / Maria M. Carreira.
There is growing interest in heritage language learners—individuals who have a personal or familial connection to a nonmajority language. Spanish learners represent the largest segment of this population in the United States. In this comprehensive volume, experts offer an interdisciplinary overview of research on Spanish as a heritage language in the United States. They also address the central role of education within the field. Contributors offer a wealth of resources for teachers while proposing future directions for scholarship.
An increasing number of U.S. Latinos are seeking to become more proficient in Spanish. The Spanish they may have been exposed to in childhood may not be sufficient when they find themselves as adults in more demanding environments, academic or professional. Heritage language learners appear in a wide spectrum of proficiency, from those who have a low level of speaking abilities, to those who may have a higher degree of bilingualism, but not fluent. Whatever the individual case may be, these heritage speakers of Spanish have different linguistic and pedagogical needs than those students learning Spanish as a second or foreign language. The members of the American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese (AATSP) have identified teaching heritage learners as their second greatest area of concern (after proficiency testing). Editors Ana Roca and Cecilia Colombi saw a great need for greater availability and dissemination of scholarly research in applied linguistics and pedagogy that address the development and maintenance of Spanish as a heritage language and the teaching of Spanish to U.S. Hispanic bilingual students in grades K-16. The result is Mi lengua: Spanish as a Heritage Language in the United States. Mi lengua delves into the research, theory, and practice of teaching Spanish as a heritage language in the United States. The editors and contributors examine theoretical considerations in the field of Heritage Language Development (HLD) as well as community and classroom-based research studies at the elementary, secondary, and university levels. Some chapters are written in Spanish and each chapter presents a practical section on pedagogical implications that provides practice-related suggestions for the teaching of Spanish as a heritage language to students from elementary grades to secondary and college and university levels.
Spanish heritage language learners are a growing population of students in the United States (U.S.). The 2015 Census Bureau states that 17.6% of the U.S. population identifies as Hispanic or Latino, and the Hispanic population is projected to grow 86% between now and the year 2050. Hispanic children constitute 25% of the U.S. population of children, and 13.1% of residents of the U.S. age five and older speak Spanish at home. This paper discusses some of the issues faced by heritage language learners, and some of the programs that are offered to these students in elementary, secondary and post-secondary education. It is argued that dual language programs support heritage language learners in elementary and secondary education, as their goals promote bilingualism, biliteracy and biculturalism, and they, therefore, help maintain the heritage language. In post-secondary education, colleges and universities are now offering Spanish heritage language tracks to serve these language learners who have different linguistic and academic needs than other Spanish as a second language learners.
Spanish remains a large and constant fixture in the foreign language learning landscape in the United States. As Spanish language study has grown, so too has the diversity of students and contexts of use, placing the field in the midst of a curricular identity crisis. Spanish has become a second, rather than a foreign, language in the US, which leads to unique opportunities and challenges for curriculum and syllabus design, materials development, individual and program assessment, and classroom pedagogy. In their book, Brown and Thompson address these challenges and provide a vision of Spanish language education for the twenty-first century. Using data from the College Board, ETS, and the authors’ own institutions, as well as responses to their national survey of almost seven hundred Spanish language educators, the authors argue that the field needs to evolve to reflect changes in the sociocultural, socioeducational, and sociopolitical landscape of the US. The authors provide coherent and compelling discussion of the most pressing issues facing Spanish post-secondary education and strategies for converting these challenges into opportunities. Topics that are addressed in the book include: Heritage learners, service learning in Spanish-speaking communities, Spanish for specific purposes, assessment, unique needs for Spanish teacher training, online and hybrid teaching, and the relevance of ACTFL’s national standards for Spanish post-secondary education. An essential read for Spanish language scholars, especially those interested in curriculum design and pedagogy, that includes supporting reflection questions and pedagogical activities for use in upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level courses.
This edited volume focuses on Spanish use in education, public spaces, and social media in five macro-regions of the United States: the Southwest, the West, the Midwest, the Northeast, and the Southeast.
This innovative text presents an introduction to different facets of building and leading language education programs at the university level to meet the needs of students who are minority speakers of a heritage language (HL) – also known as community or home languages. Providing a unique synthesis of theory and empirical research, Sara Beaudrie and Sergio Loza authoritatively illustrate and guide the reader through the main issues that program directors face from the early stage of program conceptualization and creation through later stages of program management and evaluation. The book keys in on the diverse considerations and skills involved in this leadership work – including advocacy and fund-raising, placement, curriculum development and assessment, teacher preparation and student advocacy – and offers an array of practical advice and pedagogical features. This is an invaluable resource for advanced students and scholars of applied linguistics and education, as well as future and current language program administrators in institutions of higher education, for understanding the benefits of specialized HL courses, for blazing a trail in future research in this domain, and for forging a path to solidified institutional recognition and support for HL education.
This comprehensive book offers pathbreaking research and practical strategies for Spanish heritage language learning Spelling acquisition and development is often a challenge for Spanish Heritage Language Learners (SHLLs). Instructors, too, struggle to find the best strategies to help their students internalize orthographic rules. Spelling in Spanish Heritage Language Education argues that spelling is not simply the cherry on top of good writing or a mere editing issue; rather, the skills behind the acquisition of spelling lie beneath deeper literacy development. Amàlia Llombart-Huesca discusses how to address this critical skill, including the cognitive skills underlying spelling, the role of age and bilingualism, and a thorough description of the most common types of spelling errors students make and their causes. Throughout the book, she demonstrates the importance of spelling skills by showing how they can help students improve other crucial literacy aspects, such as reading fluency, reading comprehension, and vocabulary growth. Written for instructors of SHLLs and researchers of SHL education, Spelling in Spanish Heritage Language Education includes guidelines, recommendations, and ideas for creating spelling activities and meaningfully integrating them into curricula. Combining novel research and practical strategies, this is an invaluable resource for Spanish instructors and researchers.
The study examines the effects of formal instruction on the acquisition of standard Spanish, looks at the expression of conditionality and suggests pedagogical implications based on the findings.
As the first text to present, in one place, a comprehensive and systematic overview of Spanish Language Acquisition research, The Acquisition of Spanish: A Research Overview in Multilingual Learning Contexts discusses a range of theoretical perspectives that outline issues surrounding language learning and the gaps in its research and teaching. Drawing on classic and current empirical studies on learner cohorts at different proficiency stages all over the world, the authors aim to bring bi-/multilingualism to the forefront to provide the reader with a deeper conceptual understanding of the challenges faced by different groups of Spanish learners in various learning contexts. Eve Zyzik and Melissa A. Bowles expertly synthesize and analyze a range of linguistic features and factors affecting learning, connecting these insights from Spanish to key theoretical and applied questions in SLA research more broadly. The text concludes with observations about research methodology, indicating the gaps in the literature and setting an agenda for future work in Spanish SLA to move the field forward. This unique, cohesive volume will be an invaluable foundational resource to advanced students and researchers in SLA, bilingualism/multilingualism, Hispanic & Romance studies, applied linguistics, education, and related areas who are interested in LOTEs (languages other than English) and Spanish SLA in particular. It will also be useful to those studying to become Spanish second language educators.