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Synopsis: Bertrand Russell's Our Knowledge of the External World investigates the problem of perception from an analytic-philosophical perspective. Here the great British mathematician and philosopher gives a thoughtful exposition of his logically motivated epistemology and argues for a controversial solution to a long-standing philosophical riddle. Skillfully written with an accessible lucidity by a brilliant scholar, it requires of the reader neither prior knowledge of logic nor aptitude for philosophical inquiry. The book serves as essential reading for anyone interested in the intersection of logic and epistemology including the development of analytic philosophy in the twentieth century.
"Our Knowledge of the External World - As a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy" by Bertrand Russell is a seminal work in the philosophy of science. Published in 1914, this book reflects Russell's attempts to apply the rigorous methods of science to the study of philosophical problems and to clarify the nature and limits of human knowledge. Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher, logician, and mathematician, was a leading figure in the development of analytic philosophy in the 20th century. In this book, he seeks to establish a scientific foundation for philosophy by examining the methods and assumptions of scientific inquiry and their implications for philosophical questions. One of the central themes of the book is the relationship between perception, cognition, and reality. Russell explores questions about the nature of knowledge, the reliability of sense perception, and the possibility of objective truth. He argues that scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence and logical reasoning, and he advocates for a critical approach to philosophical inquiry that is grounded in the methods of science. Moreover, Russell discusses the role of language and mathematics in shaping our understanding of the external world. He examines the ways in which conceptual frameworks and symbolic systems influence our perceptions and interpretations of reality, and he emphasizes the importance of clarity and precision in philosophical analysis. Additionally, "Our Knowledge of the External World" addresses a range of philosophical topics, including the nature of space and time, causality, induction, and the problem of skepticism. Russell engages with classical philosophical debates and offers innovative solutions to longstanding problems, drawing on insights from logic, mathematics, and the natural sciences. Russell's writing is characterized by its clarity, rigor, and intellectual sophistication. He presents complex ideas with precision and elegance, making them accessible to readers without sacrificing depth or nuance. Overall, "Our Knowledge of the External World" is a landmark work that continues to influence debates in philosophy of science, epistemology, and metaphysics. Russell's emphasis on the importance of empirical evidence, logical analysis, and scientific method remains relevant for contemporary discussions about the nature and scope of human knowledge.
Our Knowledge of the External World is a compilation of lectures Bertrand Russell delivered in the US in which he questions the very relevance and legitimacy of philosophy. In it he investigates the relationship between ‘individual’ and ‘scientific’ knowledge and questions the means in which we have come to understand our physical world. This is an explosive and controversial work that illustrates instances where the claims of philosophers have been excessive, and examines why their achievements have not been greater.
Philosophy, from the earliest times, has made greater claims, and achieved fewer results, than any other branch of learning. Ever since Thales said that all is water, philosophers have been ready with glib assertions about the sum-total of things; and equally glib denials have come from other philosophers ever since Thales was contradicted by Anaximander. I believe that the time has now arrived when this unsatisfactory state of things can be brought to an end.
In Russell's Theory of Perception, Sajahan Miah re-examines and evaluates the development of Russell's concept of perception and the relation of perception to our knowledge of the external world. With the introduction of logical construction (in which physical objects are constructed from actual and possible sense-data) Russell's theory of perception seems to become a causal theory with phenomenalist overtones. The book argues that there is a consistency of purpose and direction which motivated Russell to introduce logical construction. The purpose was to strike a compromise between his empiricism and his realism and to establish a bridge between the objects of perception and the objects of physics and common sense.
When future generations come to analyze and survey twentieth-century philosophy as a whole, Bertrand Russell’s logic and theory of knowledge is assured a place of prime importance. Yet until this book was first published in 1969 no comprehensive treatment of his epistemology had appeared. Commentators on twentieth-century philosophy at the time assumed that Russell’s important contributions to the theory of knowledge were made before 1921. This book challenges that assumption and draws attention to features of Russell’s later work which were overlooked. The analysis starts with Russell’s earliest views and moves from book to book and article to article through his enormous span of writing on the problems and theory of knowledge. The changes in ideas as he developed the theory are traced, and the study culminates in a statement of his latest views. His work is seen in a continuity in which the changes were part of the development of his mature thought, and the total evaluation and interpretation clarify many of the common misunderstandings of his philosophy. This is naturally of interest to all philosophers, and for students this is the answer to inevitable questions on the nature of Russell’s ideas and their evolution.
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