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Before effective treatments were introduced in the 1950s, tuberculosis was a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Health care workers were at particular risk. Although the occupational risk of tuberculosis has been declining in recent years, this new book from the Institute of Medicine concludes that vigilance in tuberculosis control is still needed in workplaces and communities. Tuberculosis in the Workplace reviews evidence about the effectiveness of control measuresâ€"such as those recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionâ€"intended to prevent transmission of tuberculosis in health care and other workplaces. It discusses whether proposed regulations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration would likely increase or sustain compliance with effective control measures and would allow adequate flexibility to adapt measures to the degree of risk facing workers.
By way of introduction to this fascinating book, let me highlight two of its many contributions. First, it is a good example of something all too rare in sociology: testing competing general theories. Most of us either try to develop or refine theories about how the social world works, and cite convenient data as support, or we select and collect data that will fit some general theoretical position. In the first case, the data playa subor dinate role-bits of evidence for our view of life. In the second, the theory plays a subordinate role-a way to make sense of the social behavior we have observed. McCaffrey's position subsumes these two. He has gathered data on an important social agency, but with an im plicit problem in mind: which of the several theories about the social world he was exposed to in graduate school would do the best job of interpreting the data? Or, we might just as well turn it around. In a graduate department such as Sociology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, there is a lively, never ending debate about the "truth" of competing perspectives on the political and social world. By selecting a data base and remaining alert to the kind of evidence each theory required, McCaffrey circumvented the usual" data for a theory" vs. "a theory for the data" dilemma that most of us live with.
The workplace is where 156 million working adults in the United States spend many waking hours, and it has a profound influence on health and well-being. Although some occupations and work-related activities are more hazardous than others and face higher rates of injuries, illness, disease, and fatalities, workers in all occupations face some form of work-related safety and health concerns. Understanding those risks to prevent injury, illness, or even fatal incidents is an important function of society. Occupational safety and health (OSH) surveillance provides the data and analyses needed to understand the relationships between work and injuries and illnesses in order to improve worker safety and health and prevent work-related injuries and illnesses. Information about the circumstances in which workers are injured or made ill on the job and how these patterns change over time is essential to develop effective prevention programs and target future research. The nation needs a robust OSH surveillance system to provide this critical information for informing policy development, guiding educational and regulatory activities, developing safer technologies, and enabling research and prevention strategies that serves and protects all workers. A Smarter National Surveillance System for Occupational Safety and Health in the 21st Century provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of OSH surveillance. This report is intended to be useful to federal and state agencies that have an interest in occupational safety and health, but may also be of interest broadly to employers, labor unions and other worker advocacy organizations, the workers' compensation insurance industry, as well as state epidemiologists, academic researchers, and the broader public health community. The recommendations address the strengths and weaknesses of the envisioned system relative to the status quo and both short- and long-term actions and strategies needed to bring about a progressive evolution of the current system.
The success of any food manufacturer's safety program depends on how accurately a facility interprets the laws and how it handles the hazards that workers face on a daily basis. This new 'go to' resource provides industry managers, safety directors, and workers with straightforward answers to complicated OSHA questions. Referencing FDA, USDA, and other regulatory standards as applicable, Occupational Safety and Health Simplified for the Food Manufacturing Industry explains the requirements of the twelve major Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 29 Chapter 1910 (general industry) and Chapter 1928 (agriculture) for food worker safety and provides examples to help ensure compliance with all applicable standards. Readers will examine the most serious health hazards in the industry, including inhalation of flavorings, radiation, and amputations, and identify ways to prevent accidents from occurring. They will address both industry-wide safety concerns and segment-specific hazards for meatpacking, poultry processing, fruit and vegetable canning, and food flavoring, and find information to help them overcome the language and cultural barriers of the food industry's growing Hispanic workforce to ensure adequate protection for all. A complete sample food manufacturing safety program that meets OSHA requirements and a comprehensive checklist for completing self-audits are included.
This much anticipated new edition provides employers and employees with a day-to-day guide to reducing accidents and injuries, ensuring compliance, avoiding fines and penalties, and controlling workers' compensation costs. You'll not only find comprehensive discussions on all of the construction safety regulations found in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 29 Chapter 1926, but you'll also find the actual legal text of the regulations and overviews for each sub Chapter for easier reference. This Construction Safety Handbook covers both the obvious and the hidden dangers of construction and addresses the latest changes in OSHA standards, including new recordkeeping requirements, new ergonomic guidelines, new requirements in the Steel Erection standard, and new additions to signs, signals, and barricades requirements. Written in plain English, this comprehensive handbook provides you with the legal background, practical advice, and ready-to-use written compliance programs you need to ensure your sites meet workplace safety requirements, protect workers, and comply with the standards. Each Chapter provides a description of the requirements of the standard, and a sample written compliance program, checklists, and the appropriate citations from the 29 CFRs. The latest changes in enforcement and inspection policy are also detailed, and a list of OSHA's most frequently cited construction standards is given.