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Migratory farm workers employed in 688 countries in 46 states in 1965 represent a 9 percent increase over 1964. Average earnings for the migratory farm worker in 1965 were $1,737. In spite of the new legislation, which is described, there are additional needs in the areas of wages, child labor, health, education, day care, housing, sanitation, and Volunteers in Service to America. The following corrective legislation was recommended: (1) extension of collective bargaining rights to migrant workers under the National Labor Relations Act, (2) modernized recruitment procedures to result in substantial year-round employment and a more stabilized labor supply, (3) establishment of a national advisory committee, (4) rapid tax amortization for construction of migrant housing, (5) extension of compulsory workmen's compensation laws, (6) unemployment insurance laws for migratory farm workers, (7) modification of old age, survivors, and disability insurance, and (8) public welfare assistance based on need rather than residence. The appendixes contain information concerning domestic agricultural migrants in the United States by states and county and grant assistance by state and project. A map of domestic agricultural migrants by county in the United States and a minority report by two committee members are included.
Victory at Home is at once an institutional history of the federal War Manpower Commission and a social history of the southern labor force within the commission's province. Charles D. Chamberlain explores how southern working families used America's rapid wartime industrialization and an expanded federal presence to gain unprecedented economic, social, and geographic mobility in the chronically poor region. Chamberlain looks at how war workers, black leaders, white southern elites, liberal New Dealers, nonsouthern industrialists, and others used and shaped the federal war mobilization effort to fill their own needs. He shows, for instance, how African American, Latino, and white laborers worked variously through churches, labor unions, federal agencies, the NAACP, and the Urban League, using a wide variety of strategies from union organizing and direct action protest to job shopping and migration. Throughout, Chamberlain is careful not to portray the southern wartime labor scene in monolithic terms. He discusses, for instance, conflicts between racial groups within labor unions and shortfalls between the War Manpower Commission's national directives and their local implementation. An important new work in southern economic and industrial history, Victory at Home also has implications for the prehistory of both the civil rights revolution and the massive resistance movement of the 1960s. As Chamberlain makes clear, African American workers used the coalition of unions, churches, and civil rights organizations built up during the war to challenge segregation and disenfranchisement in the postwar South.