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The Identification of Detrital Feldspars
33 14. 3. 5 REE between Plagioclase and Aqueous Fluid 0 Cullers et al. (1973) measured the distribution of REE at 850 C and 750 bars pressure between a natural plagioclase, An , and gaseous water. The rare earths 65 favored the plagioclase by a factor which varies from about 25 for Ce to 10 for Lu. Data were also obtained for forsterite, diopside, enstatite and two rhyolite glasses, on the one hand, and water on the other hand, thereby permitting estimation of the partition coefficients between all pairs of phases. 14. 4 Chemical Substitution in Natural Feldspars 14. 4. 1 Introduction It is quite impracticable to give all the data on chemical substitution in natural feldspars: indeed many of the details are significant only to some particular pegmatite or rock body. As far as possible, emphasis is placed on features of general interest to crystal chemists and to petrologists. Ironically the well established features can be described more easily than the uncertain ones, and unfortunately it is necessary to use valuable space on data of dubious value. The bibliography is fairly complete, but it was impracticable to locate all data, especially those in obscure journals. Each reference is followed by a list of the elements referred to in the paper, thereby permitting a reader to compile a fairly compre hensive set of references on any chosen element. Not all papers are mentioned in the text. The book on Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Elements, etc.
Pyroclastic Rocks is the first modern comprehensive treatment of what they are and how they were formed. The subject is discussed against a background of plate tectonics theory and modern advances in volcanology, sedimentology and igneous petrology. The book provides a thorough discussion of magmatic volatiles and pyroclastic processes as well as magma-water interactions. Most of the book is concerned with the wide spectrum of pyroclastic rocks formed on land and under water and by fallout and various flowage mechanisms. Diagenetic processes by which pyroclastic particles are transformed into rocks are discussed in detail. The stratigraphic and tectonic importance of pyroclastic rocks are illustrated using selected case histories. This uniquely integrated account of pyroclastic processes, particles and rocks will prove a valuable aid in reconstructing dynamic aspects of earth evolution as well as predicting future volcanic hazards; understanding sedimentary basins containing petroleum and gas deposits; locating ore deposits in volcanic complexes and heat sources in geothermal prospecting; and facilitating stratigraphic analysis in complex volcanic terrains.
Igneous and metamorphic petrology has over the last twenty years expanded rapidly into a broad, multifaceted and increasingly quantitative science. Advances in geochemistry, geochronology, and geophysics, as well as the appearance of new analytical tools, have all contributed to new ways of thinking about the origin and evolution of magmas, and the processes driving metamorphism. This book is designed to give students a balanced and comprehensive coverage of these new advances, as well as a firm grounding in the classical aspects of igneous and metamorphic petrology. The emphasis throughout is on the processes controlling petrogenesis, but care is taken to present the important descriptive information so crucial to interpretation. One of the most up-to-date synthesis of igneous and metamorphic petrology available. Emphasis throughout on latest experimental and field data. Igneous and metamorphic sections can be used independently if necessary.