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Propuestas metodológicas, bases conceptuales, procesos, normas y experiencias sistematizadas alternativas sobre cómo ordenar el territorio desde la perspectiva del Ordenamiento Territorial Comunitario (OTC).
Este es un libro "vivo" que se ha ido formando a través de una serie sobre ordenación del territorio iniciada por el autor en 1975 y continuada sin ininterrupción por diversos títulos y editoriales, hasta llegar a la que ahora se presenta, que en rigor es la novena. Durante esta larga trayectoria el libro ha superado con éxito el refrendo de una intensa y extensa utilización en la vida académica, en foros muy diversos y en la actividad profesional, como libro de texto y de consulta, de la que se ha beneficiado, manteniendo siempre su carácter de obra de referencia en la materia. Esta nueva edición ha depurado y simplificado la anterior ("quitado grasa y fortalecido fibra", podría decirse) gracias al continuo aprendizaje de los autores adquirido en una intensa actividad (investigadora, profesional, docente y divulgadora) desarrollada en diversos países, que les ha permitido perfeccionar conceptos, metodologías y técnicas, mantener sancionados por la experiencia, eliminar los no verificados por ella, y añadir otros sugeridos por la veloz evolución social; es el caso, por ejemplo, de la nueva dimensión se añade al sistema territorial: la imagen que transmite y su percepción, es decir, el paisaje. Pero la edición ha conservado el doble carácter académico y profesional de las anteriores, que equilibraba el enfoque conceptual propio de la academia, con el orientado a la actividad profesional: metodologías, técnicas y ejemplos, propios de un manual. Por ello sus destinatarios abarcan al estudiante universitario, de grado y postgrado, y al titulado de cualquier campo cuya actividad profesional (docente, investigadora, consultora o gestora) se orienta hacia la ordenación territorial y hacia campos indisociables de ella: desarrollo sostenible, ambiente, gestión de recursos o espacios naturales, paisaje y paisajismo, etc.
The road to sustainable forest management and stewardship has been debated for decades. Some advocate for governmental control and oversight. Some say that the only way to stem the tide of deforestation is to place as many tracts as possible under strict protection. Caught in the middle of this debate, forest inhabitants of the developing world struggle to balance the extraction of precarious livelihoods from forests while responding to increasing pressures from national governments, international institutions, and their own perceptions of environmental decline to protect biodiversity, restore forests, and mitigate climate change. Mexico presents a unique case in which much of the nation’s forests were placed as commons in the hands of communities, who, with state support and their own entrepreneurial vigor, created community forest enterprises (CFEs). David Barton Bray, who has spent more than thirty years engaged with and researching Mexican community forestry, shows that this reform has transformed forest management in that country at a scale and level of maturity unmatched anywhere else in the world. For decades Mexico has been conducting a de facto large-scale experiment in the design of a national social-ecological system (SES) focused on community forests. What happens when you give subsistence communities rights over forests, as well as training, organizational support, equipment, and financial capital? Do the communities destroy the forest in the name of economic development, or do they manage them sustainably, generating current income while maintaining intergenerational value as a resource for their children? Bray shares the scientific and social evidence that can now begin to answer these questions. This is an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and the interested public on the future of global forest resilience and the possibilities for a good Anthropocene.
En occidente se han ensayado diversas formas de organizacion territoriarial del Estado tales como la confederacion, la federacion y el Estado Unitario. Al final del siglo XX se adopta un nuevo modelo: el Estado Regional, que representa un esquema intermedio entre el unitario y el federal. Este modelo exige introducir cambios en la relacion del nivel central con los niveles territoriales, mediante un proceso de ordenamiento territorial que potencie la descentralizacion y la autonomia reconocida a las regiones, permitiendo procesos de gestion para el desarrollo local y regional. El ordenamiento territorial comprende varios aspectos: 1) Division del territorio del Estado; 2) Distribucion de competencias y recursos entre el Estado central y sus entidades territoriales, y 3) El ordenamiento, planificacion y gestion del espacio territorial organizando las actividades humanas y los usos del suelo. Para el caso colombiano, el proceso apenas esta enunciado y poco desarrollado; debido a lo inacabado y confuso del modelo, en la actualidad se combinan dinamicas propias del Estado Unitario-centralista con las reivindicaciones regionales."
This book invites us to reflect on the restoration of terrestrial ecosystems in the context of a region whose identity is still under construction, Latin America and the Caribbean, immersed in a social, economic, ecological and political crisis, whose roots originate historically and politically in colonialism and in the prevailing model of capital accumulation. For the first time, insights and practical experiences on restoration are gathered from most Latin-American and Caribbean countries. Furthermore, this book offers a social approach to restoration, which will likely become preponderant in this field and in this region. The authors claim that a Latin-American knowledge of restoration is under construction and that this discipline can be a significant tool to empower local populations, which might, in turn, lead to a collective action of change. Case studies from 11 countries of the region were compiled, involving multiple voices that emerge beyond generalist principles and with a bottom-up approach. The main idea of the book is to open a debate about the identity of ecological and social restoration in this region. This book is targeted to restoration specialists, volunteers, environmental managers, researchers, politicians and NGOs working on the complexity of socioecological restoration in a region with unavoidable social problems. It is intended for people with similar concerns to those of the chapters' authors. This work tries to integrate a movement on the rise, almost silent, born with its own narratives of successes and failures that do not hinder its development. Finally, the determination and commitment of Latin-American and Caribbean social actors to restore not only natural values but also social, ethical and cultural ones is remarkable.
As national and international concern over sustainable resources becomes more prevalent, the need for decision support systems (DSS) increases. The applicable uses of a successful system can assist in the sustainability of resources, as well as the efficiency and management of the agri-environment industry. Decision Support Systems in Agriculture, Food and the Environment: Trends, Applications and Advances presents the development of DSS for managing agricultural and environmental systems, focusing on the exposition of innovative methodologies, from web-mobile systems to artificial intelligence and knowledge-based DSS, as well as their applications in every aspect from harvest planning to international food production and land management. This book provides an in depth look into the growing importance of DSS in agriculture.