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A poorly performing database application not only costs users time, but also has an impact on other applications running on the same computer or the same network. SQL Tuning provides an essential next step for SQL developers and database administrators who want to extend their SQL tuning expertise and get the most from their database applications.There are two basic issues to focus on when tuning SQL: how to find and interpret the execution plan of an SQL statement and how to change SQL to get a specific alternate execution plan. SQL Tuning provides answers to these questions and addresses a third issue that's even more important: how to find the optimal execution plan for the query to use.Author Dan Tow outlines a timesaving method he's developed for finding the optimum execution plan--rapidly and systematically--regardless of the complexity of the SQL or the database platform being used. You'll learn how to understand and control SQL execution plans and how to diagram SQL queries to deduce the best execution plan for a query. Key chapters in the book include exercises to reinforce the concepts you've learned. SQL Tuning concludes by addressing special concerns and unique solutions to unsolvable problems.Whether you are a programmer who develops SQL-based applications or a database administrator or other who troubleshoots poorly tuned applications, SQL Tuning will arm you with a reliable and deterministic method for tuning your SQL queries to gain optimal performance.
Proven PL/SQL Optimization Solutions In Oracle PL/SQL Performance Tuning Tips & Techniques, Oracle ACE authors with decades of experience building complex production systems for government, industry, and educational organizations present a hands-on approach to enabling optimal results from PL/SQL. The book begins by describing the discovery process required to pinpoint performance problems and then provides measurable and repeatable test cases. In-depth coverage of linking SQL and PL/SQL is followed by deep dives into essential Oracle Database performance tuning tools. Real-world examples and best practices are included throughout this Oracle Press guide. Follow a request-driven nine-step process to identify and address performance problems in web applications Use performance-related database tools, including data dictionary views, logging, tracing, PL/SQL Hierarchical Profiler, PL/Scope, and RUNSTATS Instrument code to pinpoint performance issues using call stack APIs, error stack APIs, and timing markers Embed PL/SQL in SQL and manage user-defined functions Embed SQL in PL/SQL using a set-based approach to handle large volumes of data Properly write and deploy data manipulation language triggers to avoid performance problems Work with advanced datatypes, including LOBs and XML Use caching techniques to avoid redundant operations Effectively use dynamic SQL to reduce the amount of code needed and streamline system management Manage version control and ensure that performance fixes are successfully deployed Code examples in the book are available for download.
Tom Kyte of Oracle Magazine’s “Ask Tom” column has written the definitive guide to designing and building high-performance, scalable Oracle applications. The book covers schema design, SQL and PL/SQL, tables and indexes, and much more. From the exclusive publisher of Oracle Press books, this is a must-have resource for all Oracle developers and DBAs.
In this book, Steven Feuerstein, widely recognized as one of the world's experts on the Oracle PL/SQL language, distills his many years of programming, writing, and teaching about PL/SQL into a set of PL/SQL language "best practices"--rules for writing code that is readable, maintainable, and efficient. Too often, developers focus on simply writing programs that run without errors--and ignore the impact of poorly written code upon both system performance and their ability (and their colleagues' ability) to maintain that code over time.Oracle PL/SQL Best Practices is a concise, easy-to-use reference to Feuerstein's recommendations for excellent PL/SQL coding. It answers the kinds of questions PL/SQL developers most frequently ask about their code: How should I format my code? What naming conventions, if any, should I use? How can I write my packages so they can be more easily maintained? What is the most efficient way to query information from the database? How can I get all the developers on my team to handle errors the same way? The book contains 120 best practices, divided by topic area. It's full of advice on the program development process, coding style, writing SQL in PL/SQL, data structures, control structures, exception handling, program and package construction, and built-in packages. It also contains a handy, pull-out quick reference card. As a helpful supplement to the text, code examples demonstrating each of the best practices are available on the O'Reilly web site.Oracle PL/SQL Best Practices is intended as a companion to O'Reilly's larger Oracle PL/SQL books. It's a compact, readable reference that you'll turn to again and again--a book that no serious developer can afford to be without.
Written by a Senior Database Administrator who has worked with the Oracle RDBMS for thirty years, this is a book which teaches the skill of SQL Tuning for the Oracle Database. Not a list of one-off tricks or tips, nor a glossing over of topics; this book offers an in-depth process covering discovery, analysis, and problem resolution. Learn the science behind SQL Tuning. Learn and apply the FILTERED ROWS PERCENTAGE Cardinality based method of tuning Determine a query's Driving Table and Join Order Construct Query Diagrams, Data Models, and Join Trees Build and use Count / Filter / and Reconstruction Queries Identify Waste in a Query Execution Plan Zero in on Cardinality Divergence using Estimated vs. Actuals Use the ACCESS / FILTER / COVERAGE strategy to build indexes for Problem Queries Exploit THE 2% RULE in analyzing Access method and Join method Classify queries as Precision Style or Warehouse Style Understand Hash Join mechanics and make Hash Joins go faster Make HINTS work as Detection Tools rather than clubs Avoid early Database Design flaws Manage Statistics and deal with common Statistics problems (NDV, Uniform Distribution, Independence, Dynamic Sampling) (Staleness, Skew, Dependence, Defaulting, Out-Of-Bounds, Transiency, Bloat) Perfect your Question Based Analyis Technique and more Included are: a special chapter for EXADATA, a LAB which demonstrates the cardinality based process of SQL Tuning, and twenty three magical SQL scripts that make the process of SQL Tuning easy to do. Learn the skill of SQL Tuning as taught by an expert who does it for a living, and become the go-to specialist in your company. Chapter 1: DRIVING TABLE and JOIN ORDER Chapter 2: Ways to Use a Query Execution Plan Chapter 3: The Best Indexes for a Query Chapter 4: JOINS Chapter 5: HINTS Chapter 6: BASICS Chapter 7: ROW COUNTS and RUN TIMES Chapter 8: EXADATA LAB: Reverse Engineering the QEP Appendix: Know Your Scripts Scripts for analyzing queries and plans Scripts for examining an active database Scripts for looking at metadata showplan showplanshort showplanconstraints showplancountqueries showplandatamodel showplandrivingtable showplanfilterqueries showplanfrpspreadsheetcode showplanindexes showplannumrows showplanquerydiagram showplantables showplantablesunique loadplanfromcache loadplanfromhist showtopcpu showowner showindexes showconstraints showcolstats showhistograms showallscanrates showallworkareas It's all about the Cardinalities
SQL and PL/SQL Query Tuning and Optimization Tips and Tricks
A very practical guide to making databases run faster and better. A poorly performing database application can cost each user time, and have an impact on other applications running on the same computer or the same network. This book will help DBAUs and programmers improve the performance of their databases.
Canada was young during the First World War, and with as many as 20,000 underage soldiers leaving their homes to join the war effort, the country's army was, too. Jim, at 17, was one of them, and he penned countless letters home. But these weren't the writings of an ordinary boy. They were the letters of a lad who left a small farming community for the city on July 15, 1915, a boy who volunteered to serve with the 79th Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders. Jim's letters home gloss over the horrors of war, focusing instead on issues of the home front: of harvesting, training the horses, and the price of hogs. Rarely do these letters, especially those to his mother and father, mention the mud and rats, the lice and stench of the trenches, or the night duty of cutting barbed wire in no man's land. For 95 years his letters remained in a shoebox decorated by his mother. Jim was just 18 when he was wounded and died during the Battle of the Somme. Hold the Oxo! tells the story that lies between the lines of his letters, filling in the historical context and helping us to understand what it was like to be Jim.
There are three parts to tuning an Oracle database: data modeling, SQL code tuning and physical database configuration. A data model contains tables and relationships between tables. Tuning a data model involves normalization and de-normalization. Different approaches are required depending on the application, such as OLTP or a Data Warehouse. Inappropriate database design can make SQL code impossible to tune. Poor data modeling can have a most profound effect on database performance since all SQL code is constructed from the data model. Poorly written SQL code is often a culprit of performance problems and is expensive to rectify. However, tuning of SQL code is generally cheaper than changing the data model. SQL code tends to be contained inside independent blocks within applications or stored procedures. Physical database tuning involves hardware resource usage, networking and various other Oracle things such as configuration and file distribution. Physical configuration is often a culprit of poor performance where Oracle is installed with defaults, and never altered by an expert. *Includes all three aspects of Oracle database tuning: data model tuning, SQL & PL/SQL code tuning, physical plus configuration tuning *Contains experienced guidance and real-world examples using large datasets *Emphasizes development as opposed to operating system perspective
PL/SQL, Oracle's powerful procedural language, has been the cornerstone of Oracle application development for nearly 15 years. Although primarily a tool for developers, PL/SQL has also become an essential tool for database administration, as DBAs take increasing responsibility for site performance and as the lines between developers and DBAs blur. Until now, there has not been a book focused squarely on the language topics of special concern to DBAs Oracle PL/SQL for DBAs fills the gap. Covering the latest Oracle version, Oracle Database 10g Release 2 and packed with code and usage examples, it contains: A quick tour of the PL/SQL language, providing enough basic information about language fundamentals to get DBAs up and running Extensive coverage of security topics for DBAs: Encryption (including both traditional methods and Oracle's new Transparent Data Encryption, TDE); Row-Level Security(RLS), Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA); and random value generation Methods for DBAs to improve query and database performance with cursors and table functions Coverage of Oracle scheduling, which allows jobs such as database monitoring andstatistics gathering to be scheduled for regular execution Using Oracle's built-in packages (DBMS_CRYPTO, DBMS_RLS, DBMS_FGA, DBMS_RANDOM,DBMS_SCHEDULING) as a base, the book describes ways of building on top of these packages to suit particular organizational needs. Authors are Arup Nanda, Oracle Magazine 2003 DBA of the Year, and Steven Feuerstein, the world's foremost PL/SQL expert and coauthor of the classic reference, Oracle PL/SQL Programming. DBAs who have not yet discovered how helpful PL/SQL can be will find this book a superb introduction to the language and its special database administration features. Even if you have used PL/SQL for years, you'll find the detailed coverage in this book to be an invaluable resource.