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This Congressional Budget Office study, prepared at the request of the Readiness Subcommittee of the House Committee on Armed Services, looks at the technical, operational, and cost issues associated with alternative transportation systems that DoD might develop and procure to reduce the time needed to deploy forces. The Department of Defense (DoD) is pursuing a variety of initiatives designed to reduce the time necessary to deploy combat forces around the world, including ongoing production of C-17 transport aircraft by the Air Force, development of concepts for the sea basing of military forces by the Navy and Marine Corps, and development of lighter, more easily transportable combat vehicles by the Army as part of its Future Combat Systems program. The study compares the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of six transportation alternatives: four that would use existing technologies and two that would develop more-advanced systems.
Since the end of World War II, the United States has maintained the ability to project combat power rapidly around the globe. That ability has been achieved through a dual approach: forward basing units overseas in regions of particular importance and fielding longrange (strategic) transportation systems that can move forces around the world quickly, either to reinforce the forward-based units or to respond to needs that arise elsewhere. Following the Cold War, emphasis has shifted away from forward basing and toward increasing the mobility of forces based in the United States. In the past 15 years, the U.S. military has cut the number of forward-based troops by about half and has improved its strategic transportation capability by fielding such systems as C-17 airlift aircraft and large, medium-speed roll-on/roll-off ships (LMSRs) for sealift. In addition, the Army is largely focusing its current transformation efforts on changing equipment and organization to create units that can be deployed more quickly and easily. Nevertheless, officials in the Department of Defense (DoD) seek to increase the speed of military deployments to an even greater degree, because the ability to deliver forces to a distant theater in the first few days or weeks of a crisis is seen as critical to ensuring a favorable outcome.
This Congressional Budget Office study, prepared at the request of the Readiness Subcommittee of the House Committee on Armed Services, looks at the technical, operational, and cost issues associated with alternative transportation systems that DoD might develop and procure to reduce the time needed to deploy forces. The Department of Defense (DoD) is pursuing a variety of initiatives designed to reduce the time necessary to deploy combat forces around the world, including ongoing production of C-17 transport aircraft by the Air Force, development of concepts for the sea basing of military forces by the Navy and Marine Corps, and development of lighter, more easily transportable combat vehicles by the Army as part of its Future Combat Systems program. The study compares the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of six transportation alternatives: four that would use existing technologies and two that would develop more-advanced systems.
This Congressional Budget Office study, prepared at the request of the Readiness Subcommittee of the House Committee on Armed Services, looks at the technical, operational, and cost issues associated with alternative transportation systems that DoD might develop and procure to reduce the time needed to deploy forces. The Department of Defense (DoD) is pursuing a variety of initiatives designed to reduce the time necessary to deploy combat forces around the world, including ongoing production of C-17 transport aircraft by the Air Force, development of concepts for the sea basing of military forces by the Navy and Marine Corps, and development of lighter, more easily transportable combat vehicles by the Army as part of its Future Combat Systems program. The study compares the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of six transportation alternatives: four that would use existing technologies and two that would develop more-advanced systems.
Logistics, the movement of forces to battlefields, their supply, and on-going support, is critical to military success. Although this principle is theoretically accepted, the importance of being well-prepared to rapidly transport troops and supplies to distant crisis points has not been complemented, as Menarchik shows, by adequate lift capabilities. The author uses the six-month buildup to Desert Storm as proof that the United States needs to increase the priority of logistics in strategy and improve its strategic transport capabilities, especially surge strategic lift. Current transport capabilities will not be positioned or structured to respond effectively to the contingencies associated with America's growing responsibilities given the realities of the New World Order. Menarchik, himself an experienced pilot, policy planner, and operational commander, clearly demonstrates that Powerlift directly affects choices, timing, strategy development and implementation, and sweeping policy options. He shows that although combat strategy and tactics receive high profile attention it is Lift capability and capacity as a prerequisite that is fundamental to attaining objectives. Readers will learn where, how, and why America needs to improve its capabilities.
Strategic mobility, the capability to transport military forces rapidly across intercontinental distances into an operational theater, lies at the heart of US military strategy. Nowhere has the importance of strategic mobility been more evident than in Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, the military response to the Iraqi seizure of Kuwait that began in August 1990 and ended in March 1991. This study presents a detailed analysis of how the Defense Transportation System (DTS)--the United States Transportation Command, its service components, and the civilian transportation industry--provided the strategic mobility that enabled the United States and its allies to assemble an overwhelming military force to defeat Iraq and free Kuwait. It is also a tribute to the hard work and dedication of the military and civilian personnel who ran the DTS during the operation.
The mission of the United States Army is to fight and win our nation's wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders. Accomplishing this mission rests on the ability of the Army to equip and move its forces to the battle and sustain them while they are engaged. Logistics provides the backbone for Army combat operations. Without fuel, ammunition, rations, and other supplies, the Army would grind to a halt. The U.S. military must be prepared to fight anywhere on the globe and, in an era of coalition warfare, to logistically support its allies. While aircraft can move large amounts of supplies, the vast majority must be carried on ocean going vessels and unloaded at ports that may be at a great distance from the battlefield. As the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have shown, the costs of convoying vast quantities of supplies is tallied not only in economic terms but also in terms of lives lost in the movement of the materiel. As the ability of potential enemies to interdict movement to the battlefield and interdict movements in the battlespace increases, the challenge of logistics grows even larger. No matter how the nature of battle develops, logistics will remain a key factor. Force Multiplying Technologies for Logistics Support to Military Operations explores Army logistics in a global, complex environment that includes the increasing use of antiaccess and area-denial tactics and technologies by potential adversaries. This report describes new technologies and systems that would reduce the demand for logistics and meet the demand at the point of need, make maintenance more efficient, improve inter- and intratheater mobility, and improve near-real-time, in-transit visibility. Force Multiplying Technologies also explores options for the Army to operate with the other services and improve its support of Special Operations Forces. This report provides a logistics-centric research and development investment strategy and illustrative examples of how improved logistics could look in the future.