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This book collects selected contributions from the international conference “Optimization and Decision Science” (ODS2020), which was held online on November 19, 2020, and organized by AIRO, the Italian Operations Research Society. The book offers new and original contributions on optimization, decisions science and prescriptive analytics from both a methodological and applied perspective, using models and methods based on continuous and discrete optimization, graph theory and network optimization, analytics, multiple criteria decision making, heuristics, metaheuristics, and exact methods. In addition to more theoretical contributions, the book chapters describe models and methods for addressing a wide diversity of real-world applications, spanning health, transportation, logistics, public sector, manufacturing, and emergency management. Although the book is aimed primarily at researchers and PhD students in the Operations Research community, the interdisciplinary content makes it interesting for practitioners facing complex decision-making problems in the afore-mentioned areas, as well as for scholars and researchers from other disciplines, including artificial intelligence, computer sciences, economics, mathematics, and engineering.
This proceedings volume highlights the state-of-the-art knowledge related to optimization, decisions science and problem solving methods, as well as their application in industrial and territorial systems. It includes contributions tackling these themes using models and methods based on continuous and discrete optimization, network optimization, simulation and system dynamics, heuristics, metaheuristics, artificial intelligence, analytics, and also multiple-criteria decision making. The number and the increasing size of the problems arising in real life require mathematical models and solution methods adequate to their complexity. There has also been increasing research interest in Big Data and related challenges. These challenges can be recognized in many fields and systems which have a significant impact on our way of living: design, management and control of industrial production of goods and services; transportation planning and traffic management in urban and regional areas; energy production and exploitation; natural resources and environment protection; homeland security and critical infrastructure protection; development of advanced information and communication technologies. The chapters in this book examine how to deal with new and emerging practical problems arising in these different fields through the presented methodologies and their applications. The chapter topics are applicable for researchers and practitioners working in these areas, but also for the operations research community. The contributions were presented during the international conference “Optimization and Decision Science” (ODS2017), held at Hilton Sorrento Palace Conference Center, Sorrento, Italy, September 4 – 7, 2017. ODS 2017, was organized by AIRO, Italian Operations Research Society, in cooperation with DIETI (Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology) of University “Federico II” of Naples.
This book collects selected contributions from the international conference “Optimization and Decision Science” (ODS2020), which was held online on November 19, 2020, and organized by AIRO, the Italian Operations Research Society. The book offers new and original contributions on optimization, decisions science and prescriptive analytics from both a methodological and applied perspective, using models and methods based on continuous and discrete optimization, graph theory and network optimization, analytics, multiple criteria decision making, heuristics, metaheuristics, and exact methods. In addition to more theoretical contributions, the book chapters describe models and methods for addressing a wide diversity of real-world applications, spanning health, transportation, logistics, public sector, manufacturing, and emergency management. Although the book is aimed primarily at researchers and PhD students in the Operations Research community, the interdisciplinary content makes it interesting for practitioners facing complex decision-making problems in the afore-mentioned areas, as well as for scholars and researchers from other disciplines, including artificial intelligence, computer sciences, economics, mathematics, and engineering.
The availability of today’s online information systems rapidly increases the relevance of dynamic decision making within a large number of operational contexts. Whenever a sequence of interdependent decisions occurs, making a single decision raises the need for anticipation of its future impact on the entire decision process. Anticipatory support is needed for a broad variety of dynamic and stochastic decision problems from different operational contexts such as finance, energy management, manufacturing and transportation. Example problems include asset allocation, feed-in of electricity produced by wind power as well as scheduling and routing. All these problems entail a sequence of decisions contributing to an overall goal and taking place in the course of a certain period of time. Each of the decisions is derived by solution of an optimization problem. As a consequence a stochastic and dynamic decision problem resolves into a series of optimization problems to be formulated and solved by anticipation of the remaining decision process. However, actually solving a dynamic decision problem by means of approximate dynamic programming still is a major scientific challenge. Most of the work done so far is devoted to problems allowing for formulation of the underlying optimization problems as linear programs. Problem domains like scheduling and routing, where linear programming typically does not produce a significant benefit for problem solving, have not been considered so far. Therefore, the industry demand for dynamic scheduling and routing is still predominantly satisfied by purely heuristic approaches to anticipatory decision making. Although this may work well for certain dynamic decision problems, these approaches lack transferability of findings to other, related problems. This book has serves two major purposes: ‐ It provides a comprehensive and unique view of anticipatory optimization for dynamic decision making. It fully integrates Markov decision processes, dynamic programming, data mining and optimization and introduces a new perspective on approximate dynamic programming. Moreover, the book identifies different degrees of anticipation, enabling an assessment of specific approaches to dynamic decision making. ‐ It shows for the first time how to successfully solve a dynamic vehicle routing problem by approximate dynamic programming. It elaborates on every building block required for this kind of approach to dynamic vehicle routing. Thereby the book has a pioneering character and is intended to provide a footing for the dynamic vehicle routing community.
This handbook is an endeavour to cover many current, relevant, and essential topics related to decision sciences in a scientific manner. Using this handbook, graduate students, researchers, as well as practitioners from engineering, statistics, sociology, economics, etc. will find a new and refreshing paradigm shift as to how these topics can be put to use beneficially. Starting from the basics to advanced concepts, authors hope to make the readers well aware of the different theoretical and practical ideas, which are the focus of study in decision sciences nowadays. It includes an excellent bibliography/reference/journal list, information about a variety of datasets, illustrated pseudo-codes, and discussion of future trends in research. Covering topics ranging from optimization, networks and games, multi-objective optimization, inventory theory, statistical methods, artificial neural networks, times series analysis, simulation modeling, decision support system, data envelopment analysis, queueing theory, etc., this reference book is an attempt to make this area more meaningful for varied readers. Noteworthy features of this handbook are in-depth coverage of different topics, solved practical examples, unique datasets for a variety of examples in the areas of decision sciences, in-depth analysis of problems through colored charts, 3D diagrams, and discussions about software.
Decision science is the discipline that is concerned with the development and applications of quantitative methods and techniques to support decision making processes. This extensively revised edition of two former versions of the book discusses the general principles and often used optimization techniques such as linear programming, integer programming, dynamic programming, non-linear programming, network theory, simulation and stochastic programming. This book aims to fill in the gap between theory and practice. It discusses the theoretical background of important quantitative methods and techniques as well as how they can be applied to practical decision making problems. Therefore, the modeling process is illustrated with examples of firms, consumers, governments and other non-profit organizations in agriculture related sectors. The authors have used their vast didactical experience to find a proper balance between mathematical exactness, knowledge and readability on the one hand and offer understanding, insights and applicability of the subjects on the other hand. The book is therefore an essential asset in introductory courses on decision science in undergraduate, postgraduate and research programmes.
The contributions included in the volume are drawn from presentations at ODS2019 – International Conference on Optimization and Decision Science, which was the 49th annual meeting of the Italian Operations Research Society (AIRO) held at Genoa, Italy, on 4-7 September 2019. This book presents very recent results in the field of Optimization and Decision Science. While the book is addressed primarily to the Operations Research (OR) community, the interdisciplinary contents ensure that it will also be of very high interest for scholars and researchers from many scientific disciplines, including computer sciences, economics, mathematics, and engineering. Operations Research is known as the discipline of optimization applied to real-world problems and to complex decision-making fields. The focus is on mathematical and quantitative methods aimed at determining optimal or near-optimal solutions in acceptable computation times. This volume not only presents theoretical results but also covers real industrial applications, making it interesting for practitioners facing decision problems in logistics, manufacturing production, and services. Readers will accordingly find innovative ideas from both a methodological and an applied perspective.
This book presents best practices involving applications of decision sciences, business tactics and behavioral sciences for COVID-19. Addressing concrete problems in these vital fields, it focuses on theoretical and methodological investigations of managerial decisions that drive production and service enterprises’ productivity and success. Moreover, it presents optimization techniques and tools that can also be adopted for other applications in various research areas after a thorough analysis of the specific problem. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners seeking optimum solutions to real-life problems in various application areas concerning COVID-19, helping them make scientifically founded decisions.
Application of Decision Science in Business and Management is a book where each chapter has been contributed by a different author(s). The chapters introduce and demonstrate a decision-making theory to practice case studies. It demonstrates key results for each sector with diverse real-world case studies. Theory is accompanied by relevant analysis techniques, with a progressive approach building from simple theory to complex and dynamic decisions with multiple data points, including big data, lot of data, etc. Computational techniques, dynamic analysis, probabilistic methods, and mathematical optimization techniques are expertly blended to support analysis of multi-criteria decision-making problems with defined constraints and requirements. The book provides an interface between the main disciplines of engineering/technology and the organizational, administrative, and planning abilities of decision making. It is complementary to other sub-disciplines such as economics, finance, marketing, decision and risk analysis, etc.
Statistics help guide us to optimal decisions under uncertainty. A large variety of statistical problems are essentially solutions to optimization problems. The mathematical techniques of optimization are fundamentalto statistical theory and practice. In this book, Jagdish Rustagi provides full-spectrum coverage of these methods, ranging from classical optimization and Lagrange multipliers, to numerical techniques using gradients or direct search, to linear, nonlinear, and dynamic programming using the Kuhn-Tucker conditions or the Pontryagin maximal principle. Variational methods and optimization in function spaces are also discussed, as are stochastic optimization in simulation, including annealing methods. The text features numerous applications, including: Finding maximum likelihood estimates, Markov decision processes, Programming methods used to optimize monitoring of patients in hospitals, Derivation of the Neyman-Pearson lemma, The search for optimal designs, Simulation of a steel mill. Suitable as both a reference and a text, this book will be of interest to advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students in statistics, operations research, management and engineering sciences, and related fields. Most of the material can be covered in one semester by students with a basic background in probability and statistics. - Covers optimization from traditional methods to recent developments such as Karmarkars algorithm and simulated annealing - Develops a wide range of statistical techniques in the unified context of optimization - Discusses applications such as optimizing monitoring of patients and simulating steel mill operations - Treats numerical methods and applications - Includes exercises and references for each chapter - Covers topics such as linear, nonlinear, and dynamic programming, variational methods, and stochastic optimization