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We consider the location problem for retail service facilities, consumer-facing storefronts that provide a service and compete with other retailers to some degree or the other. Location is one of the most important strategic decisions for a retail firm. It is a risky and often an irrevocable decision, in the sense that it involves a large investment, is very difficult to rectify, and affects profits and operations for many years in the future. This problem is especially challenging for the following reasons: (i) Location models require estimates of how demand will expand and shift when we locate a new facility, but the firm, since it has not yet started operations, has no historical demand data to calibrate the models; (ii) Future entry as well as exits of competitors affect the firm's revenues and profitability, but predicting such future strategic developments is rather complicated. In this paper, we consider forward-looking competitive entry and exit decisions using a simple equilibrium framework, solvable by integer programming and estimable from public data. To capture the taste of local demographics, we build a model based on online reviews of the incumbent establishments where facilities have latent characteristics and customers have preference for these latent characteristics. This serves as an input to predict customer demand which drives our optimal location solution and gives firms an easy and tractable toolkit for their decision-making. We apply the model to a service industry, specifically the restaurant industry, to illustrate how it can be made operational. Our estimation results show that customers differ significantly in their willingness to travel and rating sensitivities across restaurant types. Apart from a tractable toolkit to help their decision process, we show, via counterfactuals, that optimized location decision-making can increase chances of survival by up to 37.5%. Managerial insight into the nature of competitive location dispersion is also provided.
There is a substantial theoretical literature on the location of retail facilities in space assuming that the spatial demand curve is known, or that the ideal data needed to estimate such a curve is available. This study shows how to implement a formal location analysis for a retail activity (postal services) when all that is known is revenue of currently operating facilities. Further complications, such as the delivery of retail services through two different types of outlets are also accommodated by the method. In the end, it is possible to implement a formal business model for the delivery of retail postal services that allows the user to simulate the consequences of dramatic changes in the way that those services are supplied to the public.
In order to keep up with the constant changes in technology, business have adopted supply chain management to improve competitive strategies on a strategic and operational level. Supply Chain Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a reference collection which highlights the major concepts and issues in the application and advancement of supply chain management. Including research from leading scholars, this resource will be useful for academics, students, and practitioners interested in the continuous study of supply chain management and its influences.
The widespread use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has significantly increased the demand for knowledge about spatial analytical techniques across a range of disciplines. As growing numbers of researchers realise they are dealing with spatial data, the demand for specialised statistical and mathematical methods designed to deal with spatial data is undergoing a rapid increase. Responding to this demand, The Handbook of Spatial Analysis is a comprehensive and authoritative discussion of issues and techniques in the field of Spatial Data Analysis. Its principal focus is on: • why the analysis of spatial data needs separate treatment • the main areas of spatial analysis • the key debates within spatial analysis • examples of the application of various spatial analytical techniques • problems in spatial analysis • areas for future research Aimed at an international audience of academics, The Handbook of Spatial Analysis will also prove essential to graduate level students and researchers in government agencies and the private sector.
Mobility is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, or supplying energy. Each movement has an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, a destination, and a nature which is linked with geographical attributes. Transport systems composed of infrastructures, modes and terminals are so embedded in the socio-economic life of individuals, institutions and corporations that they are often invisible to the consumer. This is paradoxical as the perceived invisibility of transportation is derived from its efficiency. Understanding how mobility is linked with geography is main the purpose of this book. The third edition of The Geography of Transport Systems has been revised and updated to provide an overview of the spatial aspects of transportation. This text provides greater discussion of security, energy, green logistics, as well as new and updated case studies, a revised content structure, and new figures. Each chapter covers a specific conceptual dimension including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transportation and environmental impacts. A final chapter contains core methodologies linked with transport geography such as accessibility, spatial interactions, graph theory and Geographic Information Systems for transportation (GIS-T). This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. The accompanying website for this text contains a useful additional material, including digital maps, PowerPoint slides, databases, and links to further reading and websites. The website can be accessed at: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans This text is an essential resource for undergraduates studying transport geography, as well as those interest in economic and urban geography, transport planning and engineering.
This book gathers the peer-reviewed papers presented at the 8th edition of the International Workshop “Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing – SOHOMA’18” held at the University of Bergamo, Italy on June 11–12, 2018. The objective of the SOHOMA annual workshops is to foster innovation in smart and sustainable manufacturing and logistics systems by promoting new concepts, methods and solutions that use service orientation of agent-based control technologies with distributed intelligence. Reflecting the theme of SOHOMA’18: “Digital transformation of manufacturing with agent-based control and service orientation of Internet-scale platforms”, the research included focuses on how the digital transformation, as advocated by the “Industry 4.0”, “Industrial Internet of Things”, “Cyber-Physical Production Systems” and “Cloud Manufacturing” frameworks, improves the efficiency, agility and sustainability of manufacturing processes, products, and services, and how it relates to the interaction between the physical and informational worlds, which is implemented in the virtualization of products, processes and resources managed as services.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Mathematical Optimization Theory and Operations Research, MOTOR 2019, held in Ekaterinburg, Russia, in July 2019. The 48 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 170 submissions. MOTOR 2019 is a successor of the well-known International and All-Russian conference series, which were organized in Ural, Siberia, and the Far East for a long time. The selected papers are organized in the following topical sections: mathematical programming; bi-level optimization; integer programming; combinatorial optimization; optimal control and approximation; data mining and computational geometry; games and mathematical economics.
The papers collected in this volume are those presented at the eighteenth Colloquium arranged by the Societe Universitaire Europeenne de Recherches Financieres (SUERF), which took place in Dublin in May 1994. The Society is supported by a large number of central banks and com mercial banks, by other financial and business institutions and by personal subscriptions from academics and others interested in monetary and financial problems. Since its establishment in 1963, it has developed as a forum for the exchange of information, research results and ideas among academics and practitioners in these fields, including central bank and treasury officials responsible for formulating and applying monetary and financial policies, national and international. A major activity of SUERF is to organise and conduct Colloquia on subjects of topical interest to its members. The titles, places and dates of previous Colloquia for which volumes of the collected papers were published are noted on the last page of this volume.