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Carbon nanotubes are unique nano-objects with highly anisotropic electrical, magnetic and optical properties. In the past years the physics of carbon nanotubes made important steps toward the comprehension of its various complex physical properties. The optical response of nanotubes is driven by excitons. Of the sixteen possible exciton states only one decays radiatively. However a magnetic field can brighten one of the dark states. The aim of the first part of this thesis investigates the issue of the brightening of dark excitons. In the second part we use the magnetic properties of single walled carbon nanotubes to investigate their dynamic alignment in a pulsed magnetic field. Semiconducting tubes are diamagnetic both along and perpendicular to their long axis but the magnitude of the perpendicular susceptibility is higher. Metallic tubes are paramagnetic along their long axis and diamagnetic perpendicular to it. This constrains SWNT to align parallel to a magnetic field. Our data will be analysed with the aid of a theoretical model based on rotational diffusion of rigid rods. In the third part we study the magneto-optical properties of epitaxially grown multi-layer graphene. The Landau levels of graphene are different from standard two dimensional electron gases. They show a sqrt{B}dependence due to the relativistic nature of their charge carriers. We measure the system at high fields and high energies to probe the limit of massless Dirac fermions. The discovery of massless relativistic particles in graphene, a mono-layer of graphite, has completely renewed the interest in graphite. As a matter of fact graphite the optical properties of graphite are best described by bi-layer graphene. We show that the magneto-transmission experiments on thin graphite are in very good agreement with an effective bi-layer model. In addition we observe a non-predicted double structure in the graphene-like transitions which is not reported before.
This book considers the various advanced hydrogen materials and technologies of their synthesis. It presents the consideration of the physics, chemistry, thermodynamics and kinetics of processes of energy conversion, which occur at hydrogen production, storage, transportation and with its use. It also discusses the pioneering attempts to transform motor transport, airplanes, domestic technics, illumination and industrial manufacture of hydrogen fuel.
This book provides an overview of electronic and optical properties of graphite-related systems. It presents a well-developed and up-to-date theoretical model and addresses important advances in essential properties and diverse quantization phenomena. Key features include various Hamiltonian models, dimension-enriched carbon-related systems, complete and unusual results, detailed comparisons with the experimental measurements, clear physical pictures, and further generalizations to other emergent 2D materials. It also covers potential applications, such as touch-screen panel devices, FETs, supercapacitors, sensors, LEDs, solar cells, photodetectors, and photomodulators.
This book highlights the significance and usefulness of nanomaterials for the development of sensing devices and their real-life applications. The book also addresses various means of synthesizing functional materials, e.g., hydrothermal deposition process, electrospinning, Ostwald ripening, sputtering heterogeneous deposition, liquid-phase preparation, the vapor deposition approach, and aerosol flame synthesis. It presents an informative overview of the role of functional materials in the development of advanced sensor devices at the nanoscale and discusses the applications of functional materials in different forms prepared by diverse techniques in the field of optoelectronics and biomedical devices. Major features, such as type of advanced functional, fabrication methods, applications, tasks, benefits and restrictions, and saleable features, are presented in this book. Advanced functional materials for sensing have much wider applications and have an enormous impact on our environment.
An authoritative and robust overview of the synthesis, characterization, and application of carbon-based materials In Enhanced Carbon-Based Materials and Their Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a timely and carefully referenced overview of carbon-based materials and their applications. Following a summary of carbon-based materials and their synthesis methods, the authors move on to highlight advanced topics regarding enhanced carbon-based materials and their applications. Discussions of the discovery of memristor-based memory, substrate options, and the effect of electrodes materials are accompanied by a review of the developments in carbonous materials, an explanation of the working principle of thermoelectric energy harvesting, and the applications of carbon-enhanced piezoelectric materials, sensors, optoelectronic devices, actuators, and display applications as well. The book concludes with a presentation of anticipated future prospects and challenges in this area, including those obstacles that must be addressed before the large-scale production of carbon-based products can begin. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to carbon-based nanomaterials, including their synthesis and characterization Comprehensive explorations of functional carbon-based nanomaterials and sensor applications, as well as fabrication techniques of resistive switching carbon-based memories Practical discussions of carbonous-based optoelectronic devices, thermoelectric energy harvesters, and their applications Fulsome treatments of carbon-enhanced piezoelectric materials and their applications Perfect for a multi-disciplinary audience in the broader scientific and industrial communities, Enhanced Carbon-Based Materials and Their Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers and industry professionals with an interest in the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanomaterials.
Optical Properties of Graphene in Magnetic and Electric Fields provides a synthesis of up to date research on the optical properties of graphene, drawing from both experimental and theoretical research. The focus is primarily on multilayer graphenes with a focus on Landau-level spectra and the generalised tight-binding model. The interplay between external fields and the geometric configuration determines relationships between the components of wave functions in different sublattices. This leads to observation that the optical properties display a strong dependence on the stacking configuration and the number of layers. In general, this model can reasonably comprehend the quantization effect in arbitrarily stacked graphenes as well as other layered 2D materials such as MoS2 and silicene. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental work are drawn, as are the different graphene synthesis methods.
Advanced Magnetic and OpticalMaterials offers detailed up-to-date chapters on the functional optical and magnetic materials, engineering of quantum structures, high-tech magnets, characterization and new applications. It brings together innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and development of the subject and all the contributors are established specialists in the research area. The 14 chapters are organized in two parts: Part 1: Magnetic Materials Magnetic Heterostructures and superconducting order Magnetic Antiresonance in nanocomposites Magnetic bioactive glass-ceramics for bone healing and hyperthermic treatment of solid tumors Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles Magnetic nanomaterial-based anticancer therapy Theoretical study of strained carbon-based nanobelts: Structural, energetical, electronic, and magnetic properties Room temperature molecular magnets – Modeling and applications Part 2: Optical Materials Advances and future of white LED phosphors for solid-state lighting Design of luminescent materials with “Turn-on/off” response for anions and cations Recent advancements in luminescent materials and their potential applications Strongly confined quantum dots: Emission limiting, photonic doping, and magneto-optical effects Microstructure characterization of some quantum dots synthesized by mechanical alloying Advances in functional luminescent materials and phosphors Development in organic light emitting materials and their potential applications
The Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook contains extensive, interdisciplinary coverage of carbon nanomaterials, encompassing the full scope of the field—from physics, chemistry, and materials science to molecular biology, engineering, and medicine—in two comprehensive volumes. Written in a tutorial style, this second volume of the sourcebook: Focuses on nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanofibers, nanoporous structures, and nanocomposites Describes the fundamental properties, growth mechanisms, and processing of each nanomaterial discussed Explores functionalization for electronic, energy, biomedical, and environmental applications Showcases materials with exceptional properties, synthesis methods, large-scale production techniques, and application prospects Provides the tools necessary for understanding current and future technology developments, including important equations, tables, and graphs Each chapter is dedicated to a different type of carbon nanomaterial and addresses three main areas: formation, properties, and applications. This setup allows for quick and easy search, making the Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook: Nanoparticles, Nanocapsules, Nanofibers, Nanoporous Structures, and Nanocomposites a must-have reference for scientists and engineers.
This dissertation concentrates on the characteristics of graphene, a single layer of graphite, defined as two-dimensional material for carbon based magnetism and electronics. Carbon materials, which are demonstrated by diamond and graphite, have always been of great interest for their unique properties. Moreover, in the last two decades, there have been three revolutionary milestones in the development of carbon materials, which were related to the discovery of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, respectively. Such research evolution led to the realization of the feasibility to tailor magnetic and electronic properties of graphitic sheets. Magnetism of carbon materials is of particular interest because of its new and relatively unexplored origins. The technological potential of the new materials is enormous as they promise to become the first room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors--the Holy Grail of the world of electronics. Not to mention that the existence of the new materials is vital for the emerging field of spintronics. Researchers believe that new carbon-based magnetic materials could greatly extend the limits of current technologies relying on magnetic and semiconducting properties. In this work, the magnetic properties of pristine graphene and chemically modified graphene were mainly investigated. The chemical functionalization with nitrophenyl (NP) groups was performed by covalent attachment of aryl groups to the basal plane of carbon atoms. The functionalized samples were found to be in a mix of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states with spins aligned in the main plane at room temperature. Based on these findings, this work attempted to identify the origins of the intrinsic magnetism and potential ways to tailor magnetism in graphene. Such technology has great potential to pave a way to the next-generation technologies containing high-speed and high-density nonvolatile memory as well as the production of reconfigurable logic devices, integrated magneto-optical devices, quantum information devices, and many others.
This book highlights the optical properties of metal oxides at both the fundamental and applied level and their use in various applications. The book offers a basic understanding of the optical properties and related spectroscopic techniques essential for anyone interested in learning about metal oxide nanostructures. This is partly due to the fact that optical properties are closely associated with other properties and functionalities (e.g., electronic, magnetic, and thermal), which are of essential significance to many technological applications, such as optical data communications, imaging, lighting, and displays, life sciences, health care, security, and safety. The book also highlights the fundamentals and systematic developments in various optical techniques to achieve better characterization, cost-effective, user-friendly approaches, and most importantly, state-of-the-art developing methodologies for various scientific and technological applications. It provides an adequate understanding of the imposed limitations and highlights the prospects and challenges associated with optical analytical methods to achieve the desired performance in targeted applications.