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Optical science and engineering affect almost every aspect of our lives. Millions of miles of optical fiber carry voice and data signals around the world. Lasers are used in surgery of the retina, kidneys, and heart. New high-efficiency light sources promise dramatic reductions in electricity consumption. Night-vision equipment and satellite surveillance are changing how wars are fought. Industry uses optical methods in everything from the production of computer chips to the construction of tunnels. Harnessing Light surveys this multitude of applications, as well as the status of the optics industry and of research and education in optics, and identifies actions that could enhance the field's contributions to society and facilitate its continued technical development.
During the next years neural networks and systems amenable to instructions will extend their influence in science and technology. A prominent point of interest in this field is assigned to optical networks: they are small and flexible, and due to their ability of parallel processing they are devoted to the construction of small systems. This monograph explains the fundamentals of optical neural networks to physicists, engineers and device constructors.
This book gives a broad and authoritative overview of research currently underway in the fields of optical science and engineering throughout the world. The contributions, which are written by internationally renowned scientists, are of particular interest to specialists and nonspecialists in the many disciplines covered. They are less formal than the standard technical reviews found in academic journals and this is what makes the book accessible to readers who are not specialists in optical science and engineering.
Recognized as the authoritative reference to the terminology of information science, technology, and librarianship, the updated and expanded third edition of the ASIST Thesaurus is an essential resource for indexers, researchers, scholars, students, and practitioners in the field. An optional CD-ROM includes the complete contents of the print thesaurus along with Data Harmony's Thesaurus Master software. In addition to powerful search and display features, the CD-ROM allows users to add, change, and delete terms, and to learn the fundamentals of thesaurus construction while exploring the professional vocabulary of library and information science and technology. -- Description.
Understanding of the human brain functioning currently represents a challenging problem. In contrast to usual serial computers and complicated hierarchically organized artificial man-made systems, decentralized, parallel and distributed information processing principles are inherent to the brain. Besides adaptation and learning, which play a crucial role in brain functioning, oscillatory neural activity, synchronization and resonance accompany the brain work. Neural-like oscillatory network models, designed by the authors for image processing, allow to elucidate the capabilities of dynamical, synchronization-based types of image processing, presumably exploited by the brain. The oscillatory network models, studied by means of computer modeling and qualitative analysis, are presented and discussed in the book. Some other problems of parallel distributed information processing are also considered, such as a recall process from network memory for large-scale recurrent associative memory neural networks, performance of oscillatory networks of associative memory, dynamical oscillatory network methods of image processing with synchronization-based performance, optical parallel information processing based on the nonlinear optical phenomenon of photon echo, and modeling random electric fields of quasi-monochromatic polarized light beams using systems of superposed stochastic oscillators. This makes the book highly interesting to researchers dealing with various aspects of parallel information processing.
Historical Information Science is an extensive review and bibliographic essay, backed by almost 6,000 citations, detailing developments in information technology since the advent of personal computers and the convergence of several social science and humanities disciplines in historical computing. Its focus is on the access, preservation, and analysis of historical information (primarily in electronic form) and the relationships between new methodology and instructional media, techniques, and research trends in library special collections, digital libraries, data archives, and museums.
This handbook--a sequel to the widely used Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids--contains critical reviews and tabulated values of indexes of refraction (n) and extinction coefficients (k) for almost 50 materials that were not covered in the original handbook. For each material, the best known n and k values have been carefully tabulated, from the x-ray to millimeter-wave region of the spectrum by expert optical scientists. In addition, the handbook features thirteen introductory chapters that discuss the determination of n and k by various techniques.* Contributors have decided the best values for n and k* References in each critique allow the reader to go back to the original data to examine and understand where the values have come from* Allows the reader to determine if any data in a spectral region needs to be filled in* Gives a wide and detailed view of experimental techniques for measuring the optical constants n and k* Incorporates and describes crystal structure, space-group symmetry, unit-cell dimensions, number of optic and acoustic modes, frequencies of optic modes, the irreducible representation, band gap, plasma frequency, and static dielectric constant