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The war against terror is raging on in the United States of America. An incredibly massive Russian terrorist organization named the Jervius has infiltrated the country, spreading horror and violence throughout the nation. The United States have been overpowered by the Jervius, and hopes are low for the American citizens and government. The US Military Engineering Department of the Pentagon is working hard to develop an efficient weapon that could overthrow the Jervius' colossal military arsenal and the masses of terrorists linked to this organization. After much desperation, a plan finally hits the director of the department, Will Mason. But can his idea of the supreme weapon be transferred from a sheer theory to the real world? And most importantly, could his theory actually be properly executed in the prolonging battle against the Jervius?
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing, DISC 2002, held in Toulouse, France, in October 2002. The 24 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 76 submissions. Among the issues addressed are broadcasting, secure computation, view maintenance, communication protocols, distributed agreement, self-stabilizing algorithms, message-passing systems, dynamic networks, condition monitoring systems, shared memory computing, Byzantine processes, routing, failure detection, compare-and-swap operations, cooperative computation, and consensus algorithms.
Wiley Interpretation and Application of IFRS® Standards The 2021 reference for the interpretation and application of the latest international standards Wiley IFRS® Standards 2021 is a revised and comprehensive resource that includes the information needed to interpret and apply the most recent International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS®) as outlined by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This accessible resource contains a wide range of practical examples as well as invaluable guidance on the expanding framework for unified financial reporting. The authors provide IFRIC interpretations and directions designed to ensure a clear understanding of the most recent standards. The IFRS® standards are ever evolving, therefore it is essential that professionals and students have the information needed to apply the standards correctly in real-world cases. Wiley IFRS® Standards 2021 offers a complete, up-to-date reference that aids in the application of the latest international standards in a manner that is transparent, accountable and efficient. This edition includes IFRS 9 Financial Instruments; IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers; IFRS 16 Leases and amendments issued and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 01 January 2020 as issued by the IASB by 30 June 2020. This edition also includes some introductory guidance for IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts and incorporates the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018. This guide is written by the people passionate about IFRS® at PKF International. PKF International member firms specialise in providing high quality audit, accounting, tax, and business advisory solutions to international and domestic organisations around the globe. PKF International is a member of the Forum of Firms – an organisation dedicated to consistent and high-quality standards of financial reporting and auditing practices worldwide. www.pkf.com. PKF International Limited administers a family of legally independent firms and does not accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions of any individual member or correspondent firm or firms. All rights reserved.
This book provides a systematic and general theory of probability within the framework of constructive mathematics.
The newest edition of an essential accounting resource The Wiley 2023 Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards is an authoritative, one-stop resource for accountants who need to interpret and apply the most recent International Financial Reporting Standards with precision and consistency. The book contains numerous practical examples and up-to-date guidance on the expanding framework for unified financial reporting. The authors have created a volume that offers transparent, accessible, and efficient information relevant to the ever-evolving IFRS standards. Readers will also find: Clear and informative explanations of the newest updates found in the 2023 IFRS Standards Well-reasoned examples of new standards being applied to difficult cases drawn from real-world situations Realistic and practical advice created by, and for, accounting professionals Perfect for accountants and auditors, the Wiley 2023 Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards will earn a place on the desks and bookshelves of students of accounting, finance, and related fields.
The first chapter deals with idempotent analysis per se . To make the pres- tation self-contained, in the first two sections we define idempotent semirings, give a concise exposition of idempotent linear algebra, and survey some of its applications. Idempotent linear algebra studies the properties of the semirn- ules An , n E N , over a semiring A with idempotent addition; in other words, it studies systems of equations that are linear in an idempotent semiring. Pr- ably the first interesting and nontrivial idempotent semiring , namely, that of all languages over a finite alphabet, as well as linear equations in this sern- ing, was examined by S. Kleene [107] in 1956 . This noncommutative semiring was used in applications to compiling and parsing (see also [1]) . Presently, the literature on idempotent algebra and its applications to theoretical computer science (linguistic problems, finite automata, discrete event systems, and Petri nets), biomathematics, logic , mathematical physics , mathematical economics, and optimizat ion, is immense; e. g. , see [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 , 17, 22, 31 , 32, 35,36,37,38,39 ,40,41,52,53 ,54,55,61,62 ,63,64,68, 71, 72, 73,74,77,78, 79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,88,114,125 ,128,135,136, 138,139,141,159,160, 167,170,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,185,186 , 187, 188, 189]. In §1. 2 we present the most important facts of the idempotent algebra formalism . The semimodules An are idempotent analogs of the finite-dimensional v- n, tor spaces lR and hence endomorphisms of these semi modules can naturally be called (idempotent) linear operators on An .
During the last twenty-five years quite remarkable relations between nonas sociative algebra and differential geometry have been discovered in our work. Such exotic structures of algebra as quasigroups and loops were obtained from purely geometric structures such as affinely connected spaces. The notion ofodule was introduced as a fundamental algebraic invariant of differential geometry. For any space with an affine connection loopuscular, odular and geoodular structures (partial smooth algebras of a special kind) were introduced and studied. As it happened, the natural geoodular structure of an affinely connected space al lows us to reconstruct this space in a unique way. Moreover, any smooth ab stractly given geoodular structure generates in a unique manner an affinely con nected space with the natural geoodular structure isomorphic to the initial one. The above said means that any affinely connected (in particular, Riemannian) space can be treated as a purely algebraic structure equipped with smoothness. Numerous habitual geometric properties may be expressed in the language of geoodular structures by means of algebraic identities, etc.. Our treatment has led us to the purely algebraic concept of affinely connected (in particular, Riemannian) spaces; for example, one can consider a discrete, or, even, finite space with affine connection (in the form ofgeoodular structure) which can be used in the old problem of discrete space-time in relativity, essential for the quantum space-time theory.
The one-stop resource for IFRS interpretation and application, updated for 2018 Wiley IFRS 2018 offers a complete resource for the interpretation and application of the latest International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as outlined by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). With up-to-date coverage and a host of practical tools, this book provides invaluable guidance on the expanding framework for unified financial reporting. Organised for easy navigation, each chapter includes general statement information followed by topic-specific discussion to facilitate both quick-reference and in-depth study. The expert team at PKF International provides authoritative insight from a practitioner's perspective: IFRIC interpretations and practical real-world guidance ensure full understanding of the newest standards, and the Disclosure Checklist helps verify compliance. The IASB's efforts are paying off as more and more countries around the globe either adopt IFRS as their national standards, or adjust local standards in alignment. A working understanding of IFRS application is becoming essential, even as the rules continue to evolve. This book provides full coverage of the latest standards and thorough guidance for implementation. Review the latest IFRS rules and standards Apply guidelines and best practices appropriately Gain expert insight on IFRS interpretation and implementation Ensure compliance and verify completeness Uniform financial reporting reduces the costs of financial statement preparation for multinational companies, and streamlines the assessment of business results. As the standards themselves evolve, so must practitioners' understanding of how to apply them correctly in real-world cases. Wiley IFRS 2018 offers a complete, up-to-date reference to help you apply and comply with the latest international standards.