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Smectic and lamellar liquid crystals are three-dimensional layered structures in which each layer behaves as a two-dimensional fluid. Because of their reduced dimensionality they have unique physical properties and challenging theoretical descriptions, and are the subject of much current research. One- and Two-Dimensional Fluids: Properties of Smec
Smectic and lamellar liquid crystals are three-dimensional layered structures in which each layer behaves as a two-dimensional fluid. Because of their reduced dimensionality they have unique physical properties and challenging theoretical descriptions, and are the subject of much current research. One- and Two-Dimensional Fluids: Properties of Smectic, Lamellar and Columnar Liquid Crystals offers a comprehensive review of these phases and their applications. The book details the basic structures and properties of one- and two-dimensional fluids and the nature of phase transitions. The later chapters consider the optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of special structures, including uniformly and non-uniformly aligned anisotropic films, lyotropic lamellar systems, helical and chiral structures, and organic anisotropic materials. Topics also include typical and defective features, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity. The book concludes with a review of current and potential applications in the displays, materials science, and biomedical industries. Rather than focusing on one aspect of liquid crystal research, this book provides a cohesive summary of the properties and applications of smectic, lamellar, and columnar liquid crystals. One- and Two-Dimensional Fluids is a valuable resource for those working with liquid crystals every day and an effective foundation for newcomers to the field.
A superb learning and teaching resource, this structured introduction to fluid mechanics covers everything the engineer needs to know: the nature of fluids, hydrostatics, differential and integral relations, dimensional analysis, viscous flows, and another topics. Solutions to selected problems. 760 illustrations. 1985 edition.
Suitable for both a first or second course in fluid mechanics at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level, this book presents the study of how fluids behave and interact under various forces and in various applied situations - whether in the liquid or gaseous state or both.
Presenting material on the mechanics of fluids which is needed for an honours-degree course in civil or mechanical engineering, this text also provides relevant coverage of the subject for undergraduate courses in aeronautical and chemical engineering.
The XVI International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT) was held in San Juan. Puerto Rico between June 1 and 5, 1992. It was attended by about 80 scientists from allover the world. The Workshop was started in 1977 by V. C. Aguilera-Navarro, in Sao Paolo, Brazil, as the Panamerican Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories, to promote the exchange of ideas and techniques of groups that normally do not interact, such as people working in the areas of Nuclear Physics and Solid state Physics, Many Body Theory, or Quantum Fluids, and Classical Statistical Mechanics, and so on. It had also the purpose of bringing together people from different regions of the globe. The next CMT Workshop was held in 1978 in Trieste, Italy, outside of America. But the next four met in the American continent: Buenos Aires, Argentina (1979), Caracas, Venezuela (1980), Mexico City, Mexico (1981), and St. Louis, Missouri (1982). At this time the scope and the participation had increased, and the name was changed to the "International" Workshop in CMT. The 1983 edition took place in Altenberg, Germany. The following CMT workshops took place in Granada, Spain (1984), San Francisco, California (1985), Argonne, Illinois (1986), Oulu, Finland (1987), Taxco, Mexico (1988), Campos do Jordao, Brazil (1989), Elba Island, Italy (1990), and Mar del Plata, Argentina (1991). There were 48 invited talks in this Workshop.
The material in the book has been presented in a very simple but effective language in order to enable students to master the subject matter thoroughly without coming across the hurdle of highly technical language. Needless to emphasise, this book has been designed as a self learing capsule. With this aim the material has been organised in a logical order with lots of illustrative examples to enable students to thoroughly master the subject.
This book is dedicated to the mathematical study of two-dimensional statistical hydrodynamics and turbulence, described by the 2D Navier–Stokes system with a random force. The authors' main goal is to justify the statistical properties of a fluid's velocity field u(t,x) that physicists assume in their work. They rigorously prove that u(t,x) converges, as time grows, to a statistical equilibrium, independent of initial data. They use this to study ergodic properties of u(t,x) – proving, in particular, that observables f(u(t,.)) satisfy the strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem. They also discuss the inviscid limit when viscosity goes to zero, normalising the force so that the energy of solutions stays constant, while their Reynolds numbers grow to infinity. They show that then the statistical equilibria converge to invariant measures of the 2D Euler equation and study these measures. The methods apply to other nonlinear PDEs perturbed by random forces.